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Title of the item:

[Effect of postmenopausal hormone substitution on the lipid profile and coagulation factors in female smokers].

Title:
[Effect of postmenopausal hormone substitution on the lipid profile and coagulation factors in female smokers].
Authors:
Tatović-Babić D; Bezhanijska Kosa University Hospital, Belgrade.
Beljić T
Drezgić M
Trpković D
Balint-Perić L
Babić D
Nikolić J
Transliterated Title:
Efekat supstitucije postmenopauze hormonima na lipidogram i faktore koagulacije kod zena pusaca cigareta.
Source:
Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo [Srp Arh Celok Lek] 2002 Nov-Dec; Vol. 130 (11-12), pp. 371-5.
Publication Type:
English Abstract; Journal Article
Language:
Serbian
Imprint Name(s):
Publication: Beograd : Srpski Lekarski Drustvo
Original Publication: Belgrade.
MeSH Terms:
Estrogen Replacement Therapy*
Blood Coagulation/*drug effects
Lipids/*blood
Postmenopause/*blood
Smoking/*blood
Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged
Substance Nomenclature:
0 (Lipids)
Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20030520 Date Completed: 20030626 Latest Revision: 20190916
Update Code:
20240104
DOI:
10.2298/sarh0212371t
PMID:
12751159
Academic Journal
Postmenopause and smoking impair lipid profile, induce hypercoagulability and reduce fibrinolytic capacity [1, 2]. Postmenopause induced lipid changes can be reversed by oestrogen replacement [3]. Oestrogens also reduce fibrinogen level [4] and have beneficial effects on endothelium [5]. Although several studies showed that hormone replacement therapy may increase the risk of thromboembolic diseases, procoagulant oestrogen activity has not clearly been demonstrated. It is well known that smoking accelerates oestrogen metabolism [6, 7], which may attenuate its beneficial effects. The present study was undertaken to determine if there is difference in beneficial effects of oestrogens between smokers and non-smokers in terms of coagulation process and lipids. The examination was a longitudinal, one-year, before/after therapeutic study, which included healthy postmenopausal women (FSH levels at least 40 U/l), 30 smokers and 32 non-smokers who were under 55 years of age and postmenopausal period shorter than 5 years. Women with surgically induced menopause received unopposed oral oestrogens, while those with spontaneous menopause were treated with combined oral oestrogen/progestogen therapy. Before entering the study and in three-months intervals total LDL, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL were determined, as well as plasma fibrinogen, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time. Neither beneficial nor adverse effects of oestrogens on lipids and coagulation were observed during one-year follow-up in smokers, although subjects with longer smoking history had higher triglycerides levels after 12 months of therapy. On the contrary, oestrogen replacement reduced total and LDL cholesterol, and increased HDL cholesterol in non-smokers, with no change in triglycerides and VLDL level. A decrease in fibrinogen levels and coagulation activity, expressed by prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time, were also observed in hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women who did not smoke. Peroral hormone replacement therapy does not induce favorable lipid changes in smokers. Higher triglycerides levels observed after one-year therapy in women with a longer smoking history indicate that transdermal replacement maybe more suitable in this group. Peroral oestrogen replacement has no anticoagulant or procoagulant activity in smokers during the early postmenopausal period.

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