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Tytuł pozycji:

The effects of continuing and discontinuing smoking on the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the healthy middle-aged working population in Japan.

Tytuł:
The effects of continuing and discontinuing smoking on the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the healthy middle-aged working population in Japan.
Autorzy:
Noborisaka Y; Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan. />Ishizaki M
Yamada Y
Honda R
Yokoyama H
Miyao M
Tabata M
Źródło:
Environmental health and preventive medicine [Environ Health Prev Med] 2013 Jan; Vol. 18 (1), pp. 24-32. Date of Electronic Publication: 2012 May 24.
Typ publikacji:
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Język:
English
Imprint Name(s):
Publication: 2022- : [Kyoto, Japan] : Japanese Society for Hygiene
Original Publication: Sapporo, Japan : Japanese Society for Hygiene, c1996-
MeSH Terms:
Glomerular Filtration Rate/*drug effects
Proteinuria/*epidemiology
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/*epidemiology
Smoking/*adverse effects
Adult ; Aged ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Japan ; Logistic Models ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Proteinuria/chemically induced ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/chemically induced ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult
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Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20120525 Date Completed: 20130725 Latest Revision: 20240321
Update Code:
20240321
PubMed Central ID:
PMC3541810
DOI:
10.1007/s12199-012-0285-7
PMID:
22623223
Czasopismo naukowe
Objectives: The strength of the association between smoking and the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the healthy middle-aged working age population has not been established.
Methods: This was a retrospective 6-year observational study involving 4,121 male and 2,877 female workers who were free of primary kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, severe hypertension, and the signs and symptoms of CKD. Proteinuria was detected by a dipstick method, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by the equation of the Japan Society of Nephrology.
Results: Sixty men (1.5 %) and 21 women (0.7 %) developed proteinuria over the 6 years of the study. Irrespective of sex, in comparison with non-smokers, those who continued smoking showed an odds ratio (OR) of 2.52 with a 95 % confidence interval (CI) of 1.50-4.25 for developing proteinuria while those who quit smoking showed an OR of 1.29 (95 % CI 0.48-3.42), following adjustment for confounders. Among the study population, 443 men (10.7 %) and 356 women (12.4 %) developed a GFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2), corresponding to stage III CKD. Continuing smokers had a low OR (0.74, 95 % CI 0.60-0.90) for developing a low GFR, as well as a higher mean GFR than non-smokers. The reduction in GFR during the 6-year study period was not different between smokers and non-smokers, but it was larger in those who developed proteinuria than in those who did not, irrespective of smoking.
Conclusions: Continuing smokers showed a twofold or more higher risk of developing proteinuria. Discontinuation of smoking substantially reduced the risk. A longer observational period may be required to detect the smoking-induced risk of developing stage III CKD in the middle-aged working population.

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