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Tytuł pozycji:

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis, Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia among Young Children with and without Diarrhea in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Tytuł:
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis, Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia among Young Children with and without Diarrhea in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Autorzy:
Tellevik MG; National Centre for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Moyo SJ; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Blomberg B; National Centre for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Hjøllo T; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Maselle SY; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Langeland N; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Hanevik K; National Centre for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Źródło:
PLoS neglected tropical diseases [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] 2015 Oct 09; Vol. 9 (10), pp. e0004125. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Oct 09 (Print Publication: 2015).
Typ publikacji:
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Język:
English
Imprint Name(s):
Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science
MeSH Terms:
Cryptosporidiosis/*epidemiology
Cryptosporidium/*isolation & purification
Diarrhea/*epidemiology
Entamoeba histolytica/*isolation & purification
Entamoebiasis/*epidemiology
Giardia lamblia/*isolation & purification
Giardiasis/*epidemiology
Age Factors ; Case-Control Studies ; Cryptosporidiosis/parasitology ; DNA, Protozoan/analysis ; DNA, Protozoan/genetics ; Diarrhea/etiology ; Entamoebiasis/parasitology ; Feces/parasitology ; Female ; Giardiasis/parasitology ; HIV Infections/complications ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seasons ; Tanzania/epidemiology
References:
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Substance Nomenclature:
0 (DNA, Protozoan)
Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20151010 Date Completed: 20160328 Latest Revision: 20190202
Update Code:
20240104
PubMed Central ID:
PMC4599730
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0004125
PMID:
26452235
Czasopismo naukowe
Background: Although enteroparasites are common causes of diarrheal illness, few studies have been performed among children in Tanzania. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis, Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia among young children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and identify risk factors for infection.
Methodology/principal Findings: We performed an unmatched case-control study among children < 2 years of age in Dar es Salaam, recruited from August 2010 to July 2011. Detection and identification of protozoans were done by PCR techniques on DNA from stool specimens from 701 cases of children admitted due to diarrhea at the three study hospitals, and 558 controls of children with no history of diarrhea during the last month prior to enrollment. The prevalence of C. parvum/hominis was 10.4% (84.7% C. hominis), and that of G. lamblia 4.6%. E. histolytica was not detected. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium was significantly higher in cases (16.3%) than in controls (3.1%; P < 0.001; OR = 6.2; 95% CI: 3.7-10.4). G. lamblia was significantly more prevalent in controls (6.1%) than in cases (3.4%; P = 0.027; OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-3.1). Cryptosporidium infection was found more often in HIV-positive (24.2%) than in HIV-negative children (3.9%; P < 0.001; OR = 7.9; 95% CI: 3.1-20.5), and was also associated with rainfall (P < 0.001; OR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.5-3.8). Among cases, stunted children had significantly higher risk of being infected with Cryptosporidium (P = 0.011; OR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.2-3.8). G. lamblia infection was more prevalent in the cool season (P = 0.004; OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.3-3.8), and more frequent among cases aged > 12 months (P = 0.003; OR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.5-7.8). Among children aged 7-12 months, those who were breastfed had lower prevalence of G. lamblia infection than those who had been weaned (P = 0.012).
Conclusions: Cryptosporidium infection is common among young Tanzanian children with diarrhea, particularly those living with HIV, and infection is more frequent during the rainy season. G. lamblia is frequently implicated in asymptomatic infections, but rarely causes overt diarrheal illness, and its prevalence increases with age.

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