Comparing Self to Peers in Percentile Equivalents during Cognitive Testing: More Accurate Self-Appraisal Estimates are Associated with Greater Ability and Less Reliance on the Representativeness Heuristic.

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Tytuł:: Comparing Self to Peers in Percentile Equivalents during Cognitive Testing: More Accurate Self-Appraisal Estimates are Associated with Greater Ability and Less Reliance on the Representativeness Heuristic.
Autorzy:: Rothlind J; San Francisco VA Medical Center, Psychological Services (116B), San Francisco, CA, USA.; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA.
Kraybill M; Cottage Rehabilitation Hospital, Santa Barbara, CA USA.
Dukarm P; Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond VA, USA.
Źródło:: Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists [Arch Clin Neuropsychol] 2019 Jul 26; Vol. 34 (5), pp. 690-699.
Typ publikacji:: Journal Article
Język:: English
Imprint Name(s):: Publication: Oxford : Oxford University Press
Original Publication: New York : Pergamon Press, c1986-
MeSH Terms:: Neuropsychological Tests*
Cognition/*physiology
Cognitive Dysfunction/*diagnosis
Executive Function/*physiology
Adult ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Female ; Heuristics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Self Concept
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Contributed Indexing:: Keywords: Assessment; Executive functions; Implicit/explicit processing; Metacognition; Rehabilitation; Test construction
Entry Date(s):: Date Created: 20181012 Date Completed: 20200423 Latest Revision: 20200423
Update Code:: 20240104
PubMed Central ID:: PMC6659169
DOI:: 10.1093/arclin/acy077
PMID:: 30307476
: Czasopismo naukowe

Objective: For individuals with neurologic disorders, self-awareness of cognitive impairment is associated with indicators of better treatment course and clinical outcomes. Lower self-appraisal accuracy has been found to be associated with impairments in neuropsychological test performance, but individuals who perform unusually well may be equally vulnerable to inaccurate self-ratings. The mixed pattern of cognitive strengths and deficits in individuals with neurologic disorders complicates development of formal metrics for assessment of self-awareness. It remains unclear to what extent distortions in self-appraisal represent a deficit associated with impaired cognitive functioning, or a normal reliance on the "representativeness-heuristic" that results in greater bias in self-ratings in both strong and poor performers.
Method: The present study investigated these hypotheses using a common-metric approach (Rothlind, Dukarm, and Kraybill, 2016). Participants included 199 adults, recruited from community sources, including healthy adult volunteers and individuals at-risk for neuropsychological impairment secondary to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive status or active heavy alcohol consumption or both. Immediately following completion of standardized neuropsychological tests, participants estimated their own performance percentile ranking.
Results: Both high and low-scoring examinees displayed a conservative bias in ranking their own neuropsychological performance. However, lower scores were associated with least accurate self-appraisals overall.
Conclusion: Findings suggest that cognitive impairments are associated with lower accuracy in self-rating of cognitive ability, but also that normal biases complicate interpretation of self-appraisal ratings across the spectrum of neuropsychological functioning. The importance of recognizing these biases in clinical research and practice is emphasized, and directions for future research are discussed.
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