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Title:
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Implications of Removing Rosiglitazone's Black Box Warning and Restricted Access Program on the Uptake of Thiazolidinediones and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
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Authors:
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Hickson RP; 1 Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, and Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Cole AL; 2 Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, and Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Dusetzina SB; 3 Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Source:
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Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy [J Manag Care Spec Pharm] 2019 Jan; Vol. 25 (1), pp. 72-79.
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Publication Type:
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Journal Article
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Language:
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English
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Imprint Name(s):
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Original Publication: Alexandria, VA : Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy, [2014]-
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MeSH Terms:
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Drug Labeling*
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy
Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/*therapeutic use
Myocardial Infarction/*chemically induced
Pioglitazone/*therapeutic use
Rosiglitazone/*therapeutic use
Adult ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pioglitazone/adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Rosiglitazone/adverse effects ; Young Adult
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References:
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Grant Information:
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T32 HL007055 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; T32 HS000032 United States HS AHRQ HHS
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Substance Nomenclature:
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0 (Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors)
05V02F2KDG (Rosiglitazone)
X4OV71U42S (Pioglitazone)
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Entry Date(s):
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Date Created: 20181228 Date Completed: 20190405 Latest Revision: 20240403
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Update Code:
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20240403
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PubMed Central ID:
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PMC6426122
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DOI:
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10.18553/jmcp.2019.25.1.072
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PMID:
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30589625
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Background: Medications are increasingly being approved with limited, short-term evidence regarding safety. Regulatory safety concerns may emerge for these drugs but later may be reversed if additional evidence suggests no warning is indicated.
Objective: To describe trends over time in the initiation of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone-both in the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class-and medications from the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class before and after the FDA removed a black box warning and restricted access program for rosiglitazone regarding an increased risk of myocardial infarction.
Methods: This retrospective study evaluated initiation of TZDs and DPP-4 inhibitors using 2001-2015 administrative claims data from a U.S. commercially insured population. Patients were aged 18-64 years and were new users of either a TZD or DPP-4 inhibitor. Among all patients who were new users of either a TZD or a DPP-4 inhibitor during each quarter-year (Q), the percentage of patients who initiated rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, and DPP-4 inhibitors were calculated.
Results: There were 630,977 patients eligible for the study. During 2007, rosiglitazone initiators decreased from 39.1% to 8.0% in 2007 Q4 when the black box warning was implemented. During 2010, rosiglitazone initiators decreased from 7.6% to 1.0%, as safety evidence accumulated and the restricted access program requirement was announced. Rosiglitazone initiation remained below 1.0%, even after regulatory restrictions were removed in November 2013. Pioglitazone initiation decreased from 46.4% in 2010 Q1 to 14.8% in 2011 Q4 and remained relatively constant between 14.5% and 17.8% after regulatory restrictions for rosiglitazone were removed. After DPP-4 inhibitors first became available in 2006 Q3, initiation of this medication class increased rapidly, stayed relatively constant between 42.8% and 45.5% in 2009, and then quickly rose and remained above 80% from 2012 through 2015.
Conclusions: This case study provides some evidence that adding and later reversing drug safety warnings-particularly those with restricted access requirements-may affect the uptake of the targeted product into the population when multiple clinically relevant treatment alternatives are available (such as type 2 diabetes). Once a treatment falls out of favor, removal of safety warnings and/or restricted access programs may not lead to increased use.
Disclosures: This project was not directly supported by any funding. Hickson was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute through a National Research Service Award (NRSA) training grant (4T32HL007055-41) as a postdoctoral research fellow with the Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology Program at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH). Cole was supported by a NRSA Predoctoral Traineeship from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality sponsored by The Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, UNC-CH (grant no. T32-HS000032) and a predoctoral fellowship from the American Foundation for Pharmaceutical Education. Unrelated to this project, Cole was a part-time employee of Truven Health Analytics/IBM Watson Health. Dusetzina has nothing to disclose.