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Tytuł:
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More than just availability: Who has access and who administers take-home naloxone in Baltimore, MD.
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Autorzy:
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Dayton L; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
Gicquelais RE; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
Tobin K; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
Davey-Rothwell M; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
Falade-Nwulia O; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
Kong X; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
Fingerhood M; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
Jones AA; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
Latkin C; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
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Źródło:
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PloS one [PLoS One] 2019 Nov 07; Vol. 14 (11), pp. e0224686. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Nov 07 (Print Publication: 2019).
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Typ publikacji:
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Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Język:
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English
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Imprint Name(s):
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Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science
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MeSH Terms:
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Health Services Accessibility*
Naloxone/*adverse effects
Baltimore ; Drug Overdose ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis
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References:
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Grant Information:
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P30 AI050409 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS; R01 DA022961 United States DA NIDA NIH HHS; R01 DA040488 United States DA NIDA NIH HHS; K23 DA041294 United States DA NIDA NIH HHS; T32 AI102623 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS
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Substance Nomenclature:
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36B82AMQ7N (Naloxone)
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Entry Date(s):
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Date Created: 20191108 Date Completed: 20200318 Latest Revision: 20220716
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Update Code:
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20240105
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PubMed Central ID:
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PMC6837378
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DOI:
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10.1371/journal.pone.0224686
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PMID:
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31697736
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Background: Fatal opioid overdose is a pressing public health concern in the United States. Addressing barriers and augmenting facilitators to take-home naloxone (THN) access and administration could expand program reach in preventing fatal overdoses.
Methods: THN access (i.e., being prescribed or receiving THN) was assessed in a Baltimore, Maryland-based sample of 577 people who use opioids (PWUO) and had a history of injecting drugs. A sub-analysis examined correlates of THN administration among those with THN access and who witnessed an overdose (N = 345). Logistic generalized estimating equations with robust standard errors were used to identify facilitators and barriers to accessing and using THN.
Results: The majority of PWUO (66%) reported THN access. In the multivariable model, decreased THN access was associated with the fear that a person may become aggressive after being revived with THN (aOR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.35-0.85), police threaten people at an overdose event (aOR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.36-1.00), and insufficient overdose training (aOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.28-0.68). Enrollment in medication-assisted treatment, personally experiencing an overdose, and graduating from high school were associated with higher access. About half (49%) of PWUO with THN access and who had witnessed an overdose reported having administered THN. THN use was positively associated with "often" or "always" carrying THN (aOR: 3.47, 95% CI: 1.99-6.06), witnessing more overdoses (aOR:5.18, 95% CI: 2.22-12.07), experiencing recent homelessness, and injecting in the past year. THN use was reduced among participants who did not feel that they had sufficient overdose training (aOR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.32-0.96).
Conclusion: THN programs must bolster confidence in administering THN and address barriers to use, such as fear of a THN recipient becoming aggressive. Normative change around carrying THN is an important component in an overdose prevention strategy.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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