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Tytuł:
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An approach to predict population exposure to ambient air PM 2.5 concentrations and its dependence on population activity for the megacity London.
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Autorzy:
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Singh V; National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki, Andhra Pradesh, 517112, India. Electronic address: .
Sokhi RS; Centre for Atmospheric and Climate Physics Research (CACP), University of Hertfordshire College Lane, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK.
Kukkonen J; Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palmenin aukio 1, P.O.Box 503, FI-00101, Helsinki, Finland.
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Źródło:
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Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) [Environ Pollut] 2020 Feb; Vol. 257, pp. 113623. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Nov 15.
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Typ publikacji:
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Journal Article
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Język:
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English
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Imprint Name(s):
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Original Publication: Barking, Essex, England : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, c1987-
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MeSH Terms:
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Air Pollutants*
Air Pollution/*statistics & numerical data
Environmental Exposure/*statistics & numerical data
Air Pollution, Indoor ; Environmental Monitoring ; London ; Particle Size ; Particulate Matter
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Contributed Indexing:
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Keywords: Infiltration; Microenvironment; OSCAR; Particulate matter; Population movement; Population-weighted concentration
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Substance Nomenclature:
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0 (Air Pollutants)
0 (Particulate Matter)
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Entry Date(s):
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Date Created: 20191205 Date Completed: 20200326 Latest Revision: 20200326
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Update Code:
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20240104
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DOI:
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10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113623
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PMID:
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31796312
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A comprehensive modelling approach has been developed to predict population exposure to the ambient air PM 2.5 concentrations in different microenvironments in London. The modelling approach integrates air pollution dispersion and exposure assessment, including treatment of the locations and time activity of the population in three microenvironments, namely, residential, work and transport, based on national demographic information. The approach also includes differences between urban centre and suburban areas of London by taking account of the population movements and the infiltration of PM 2.5 from outdoor to indoor. The approach is tested comprehensively by modelling ambient air concentrations of PM 2.5 at street scale for the year 2008, including both regional and urban contributions. Model analysis of the exposure in the three microenvironments shows that most of the total exposure, 85%, occurred at home and work microenvironments and 15% in the transport microenvironment. However, the annual population weighted mean (PWM) concentrations of PM 2.5 for London in transport microenvironments were almost twice as high (corresponding to 13-20 μg/m 3 ) as those for home and work environments (7-12 μg/m 3 ). Analysis has shown that the PWM PM 2.5 concentrations in central London were almost 20% higher than in the surrounding suburban areas. Moreover, the population exposure in the central London per unit area was almost three times higher than that in suburban regions. The exposure resulting from all activities, including outdoor to indoor infiltration, was about 20% higher, when compared with the corresponding value obtained assuming inside home exposure for all times. The exposure assessment methodology used in this study predicted approximately over one quarter (-28%) lower population exposure, compared with using simply outdoor concentrations at residential locations. An important implication of this study is that for estimating population exposure, one needs to consider the population movements, and the infiltration of pollution from outdoors to indoors.
(Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
