Divergent evolutionary trajectories of influenza B viruses underlie their contemporaneous epidemic activity.

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Tytuł:: Divergent evolutionary trajectories of influenza B viruses underlie their contemporaneous epidemic activity.
Autorzy:: Virk RK; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857.
Jayakumar J; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857.
Mendenhall IH; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857.
Moorthy M; Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India 632004.
Lam P; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857.
Linster M; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857.
Lim J; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857.
Lin C; National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Singapore 308442.
Oon LLE; Department of Molecular Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608.
Lee HK; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 117597.
Koay ESC; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 117597.
Vijaykrishna D; Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre in Influenza Research and Surveillance, Peter Doherty Institute, VIC 3000, Australia.
Smith GJD; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857; .; SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169857.; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710.
Su YCF; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore 169857; .
Źródło:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2020 Jan 07; Vol. 117 (1), pp. 619-628. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Dec 16.
Typ publikacji:: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Język:: English
Imprint Name(s):: Original Publication: Washington, DC : National Academy of Sciences
MeSH Terms:: Evolution, Molecular*
Communicable Diseases, Emerging/*virology
Epidemics/*prevention & control
Influenza B virus/*genetics
Influenza Vaccines/*therapeutic use
Influenza, Human/*virology
Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/immunology ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention & control ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics ; Humans ; Influenza B virus/immunology ; Influenza B virus/pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/immunology ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Neuraminidase/genetics ; Neuraminidase/immunology ; Selection, Genetic/immunology
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Grant Information:: HHSN272201400006C United States AI NIAID NIH HHS
Contributed Indexing:: Keywords: antigenic; genetic diversity; natural selection; phylogeny; vaccine
Molecular Sequence:: GENBANK MN588323; MN589586
Substance Nomenclature:: 0 (Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus)
0 (Influenza Vaccines)
EC 3.2.1.18 (Neuraminidase)
Entry Date(s):: Date Created: 20191218 Date Completed: 20200505 Latest Revision: 20200526
Update Code:: 20240105
PubMed Central ID:: PMC6955377
DOI:: 10.1073/pnas.1916585116
PMID:: 31843889
: Czasopismo naukowe

Influenza B viruses have circulated in humans for over 80 y, causing a significant disease burden. Two antigenically distinct lineages ("B/Victoria/2/87-like" and "B/Yamagata/16/88-like," termed Victoria and Yamagata) emerged in the 1970s and have cocirculated since 2001. Since 2015 both lineages have shown unusually high levels of epidemic activity, the reasons for which are unclear. By analyzing over 12,000 influenza B virus genomes, we describe the processes enabling the long-term success and recent resurgence of epidemics due to influenza B virus. We show that following prolonged diversification, both lineages underwent selective sweeps across the genome and have subsequently taken alternate evolutionary trajectories to exhibit epidemic dominance, with no reassortment between lineages. Hemagglutinin deletion variants emerged concomitantly in multiple Victoria virus clades and persisted through epistatic mutations and interclade reassortment-a phenomenon previously only observed in the 1970s when Victoria and Yamagata lineages emerged. For Yamagata viruses, antigenic drift of neuraminidase was a major driver of epidemic activity, indicating that neuraminidase-based vaccines and cross-reactivity assays should be employed to monitor and develop robust protection against influenza B morbidity and mortality. Overall, we show that long-term diversification and infrequent selective sweeps, coupled with the reemergence of hemagglutinin deletion variants and antigenic drift of neuraminidase, are factors that contributed to successful circulation of diverse influenza B clades. Further divergence of hemagglutinin variants with poor cross-reactivity could potentially lead to circulation of 3 or more distinct influenza B viruses, further complicating influenza vaccine formulation and highlighting the urgent need for universal influenza vaccines.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest.
(Copyright © 2020 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.)

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