Perspective: Is therapeutic plasma exchange a viable option for treating Alzheimer's disease?

Therapeutic plasma exchange, consisting of removing blood plasma and exchanging it with donated blood products, has been proposed for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) to remove senescent or toxic factors. In preclinical studies, administration of plasma from young healthy mice to AD transgenic mice improved cognitive deficits without affecting brain amyloid plaques. Initial encouraging results have been collected in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in nine AD patients receiving young plasma. In a 14-month double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 322 AD patients, multiple infusions with plasma enriched with albumin with or without immunoglobulins slowed cognitive, functional, and clinical decline, especially in moderately affected patients. Clinical trials of plasma fractions containing hypothetically beneficial proteins are also under way. These initial positive clinical results need to be confirmed in larger and more rigorous controlled studies in which the possible benefits of plasma exchange approaches can be weighed against the intrinsic side effects of repetitive infusion procedures.
Competing Interests: Bruno P. Imbimbo (PhD) is an employee at Chiesi Farmaceutici. He is listed among the inventors of a number of Chiesi Farmaceutici's patents of anti‐Alzheimer drugs. Stefania Ippati (PhD), Ferdinando Ceravolo (MD), and Mark Watling (MD) have no conflict of interest to declare.
(© 2020 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.)