Infraspecific diversification of the star cloak fern (Notholaena standleyi) in the deserts of the United States and Mexico.

Szczegóły
Abstrakt

Tytuł:: Infraspecific diversification of the star cloak fern (Notholaena standleyi) in the deserts of the United States and Mexico.
Autorzy:: Kao TT; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA.
Rothfels CJ; University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA.
Melgoza-Castillo A; Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chihuahua CP, 31000, Mexico.
Pryer KM; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA.
Windham MD; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA.
Źródło:: American journal of botany [Am J Bot] 2020 Apr; Vol. 107 (4), pp. 658-675. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Apr 07.
Typ publikacji:: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Język:: English
Imprint Name(s):: Publication: <2018-> : [Philadelphia, PA] : Wiley
Original Publication: Baltimore Md : Botanical Society Of America
MeSH Terms:: Ferns*
Pteridaceae*
Mexico ; Phylogeny ; Southwestern United States ; United States
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Grant Information:: International U.S. Department of Agriculture; DEB-1701942 International U.S. National Science Foundation; International Taiwan Ministry of Education; International Duke University
Contributed Indexing:: Keywords: Pteridaceae; amplicon sequencing; biogeography; cheilanthoids; farina; flavonoids; limestone; missing diploids; phylogenetics; polyploid speciation
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Entry Date(s):: Date Created: 20200408 Date Completed: 20200504 Latest Revision: 20200505
Update Code:: 20240105
DOI:: 10.1002/ajb2.1461
PMID:: 32253761
: Czasopismo naukowe

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Premise: Not all ferns grow in moist and shaded habitats. One well-known example is Notholaena standleyi, a species that thrives in deserts of the southwestern United States and Mexico. This species exhibits several "chemotypes" that differ in farina (flavonoid exudates) color and chemistry. By integrating data from molecular phylogenetics, cytology, biochemistry, and biogeography, we circumscribed the major evolutionary lineages within N. standleyi and reconstructed their diversification histories.
Methods: Forty-eight samples were selected from across the geographic distribution of N. standleyi. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using four plastid and five nuclear markers. Ploidy levels were inferred using spore sizes calibrated by chromosome counts, and farina chemistry was compared using thin-layer chromatography.
Results: Four clades are recognized, three of which roughly correspond to previously recognized chemotypes. The diploid clades G and Y are found in the Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts, respectively; they are estimated to have diverged in the Pleistocene, congruent with the postulated timing of climatological events separating these two deserts. Clade P/YG is tetraploid and partially overlaps the distribution of clade Y in the eastern Chihuahuan Desert. It is apparently confined to limestone, a geologic substrate rarely occupied by members of the other clades. The cryptic (C) clade, a diploid group known only from southern Mexico and highly disjunct from the other three clades, is newly recognized here.
Conclusions: Our results reveal a complex intraspecific diversification history of N. standleyi, traceable to a variety of evolutionary drivers including classic allopatry, parapatry with or without changes in geologic substrate, and sympatric divergence through polyploidization.
(© 2020 Botanical Society of America.)

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