A comparative evaluation of thermal camera and visual counting methods for primate census in a riparian forest at the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary (LKWS), Malaysian Borneo.

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Abstrakt

Tytuł:: A comparative evaluation of thermal camera and visual counting methods for primate census in a riparian forest at the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary (LKWS), Malaysian Borneo.
Autorzy:: Jumail A; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. .; Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma MUIS, Block B 5th Floor, 88100, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. .
Liew TS; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Salgado-Lynn M; Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma MUIS, Block B 5th Floor, 88100, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.; School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.; Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3BA, UK.
Fornace KM; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, Bloomsbury, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
Stark DJ; Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma MUIS, Block B 5th Floor, 88100, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Źródło:: Primates; journal of primatology [Primates] 2021 Jan; Vol. 62 (1), pp. 143-151. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jun 22.
Typ publikacji:: Journal Article
Język:: English
Imprint Name(s):: Publication: 2003- : Tokyo : Springer Tokyo
Original Publication: Inuyama, Japan, Japan Monkey Centre.
MeSH Terms:: Primates*
Thermography/*veterinary
Zoology/*methods
Animals ; Forests ; Infrared Rays ; Malaysia ; Remote Sensing Technology/methods ; Remote Sensing Technology/veterinary ; Thermography/methods
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Grant Information:: G1100796 United Kingdom MRC_ Medical Research Council; GUG0055-STWN-2/2016 Pusat Penyelidikan dan Inovasi, Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Contributed Indexing:: Keywords: Borneo; Conservation; Long-tailed macaque; Pig-tailed macaque; Primate census; Proboscis monkey; Silvered leaf monkey; Thermal imaging
Entry Date(s):: Date Created: 20200624 Date Completed: 20210604 Latest Revision: 20211006
Update Code:: 20240105
DOI:: 10.1007/s10329-020-00837-y
PMID:: 32572697
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A number of primate census techniques have been developed over the past half-century, each of which have advantages and disadvantages in terms of resources required by researchers (e.g., time and costs), availability of technologies, and effectiveness in different habitat types. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of a thermal imaging technique to estimate the group size of different primate species populations in a degraded riparian forest in the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary (LKWS), Sabah. We compared this survey technique to the conventional visual counting method along the riverbank. For 38 days, a total of 138 primate groups were observed by thermal camera and visually throughout the study. Optimal conditions for the thermal camera were clear weather, not more than 100 m distance from the observer to the targeted area, boat speed ranging between 5 and 12 km/h, and early morning between 04:30 and 05:30 am. The limitations of the thermal cameras include the inability to identify individual species, sexes, age classes, and also to discern between animals closely aggregated (i.e., mothers with attached infants). Despite these limitations with the thermal camera technique, 1.78 times more primates were detected than counting by eye (p < 0.001), showing the potential benefit of using thermal cameras as an important tool in primate surveys. Nevertheless, ground truthing must be conducted immediately after, or simultaneously during, the thermal survey to verify the species of animals observed on the thermal imagery.

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