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Tytuł:
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Determination of anabasine, anatabine, and nicotine biomarkers in wastewater by enhanced direct injection LC-MS/MS and evaluation of their in-sewer stability.
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Autorzy:
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Zheng Q; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia. Electronic address: .
Eaglesham G; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
Tscharke BJ; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
O'Brien JW; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
Li J; Advanced Water Management Center, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
Thompson J; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
Shimko KM; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
Reeks T; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
Gerber C; Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
Thomas KV; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
Thai PK; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
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Źródło:
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The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2020 Nov 15; Vol. 743, pp. 140551. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jun 26.
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Typ publikacji:
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Journal Article
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Język:
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English
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Imprint Name(s):
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Original Publication: Amsterdam, Elsevier.
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MeSH Terms:
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Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems*
Smoking Cessation*
Alkaloids ; Anabasine/analysis ; Australia ; Biomarkers ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Cotinine/analysis ; Nicotine/analysis ; Pyridines ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices ; Wastewater/analysis
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Contributed Indexing:
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Keywords: Anabasine; Anatabine; Direct injection; Nicotine; Nicotine biomarkers
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Substance Nomenclature:
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0 (Alkaloids)
0 (Biomarkers)
0 (Pyridines)
0 (Waste Water)
5PP654XB7D (anatabine)
6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine)
K5161X06LL (Cotinine)
LMS11II2LO (Anabasine)
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Entry Date(s):
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Date Created: 20200713 Date Completed: 20200916 Latest Revision: 20221207
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Update Code:
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20240105
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DOI:
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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140551
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PMID:
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32653706
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Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been used to estimate tobacco use in the population. However, the increased use of nicotine replacement therapies and e-cigarettes contributes to the load of nicotine metabolites in wastewater, causing over-estimation of tobacco use if nicotine metabolites were used in WBE back-estimation. This study aims to develop a rapid method for determining the tobacco-specific biomarkers, anabasine and anatabine, in wastewater and to evaluate their in-sewer stability for better estimation of tobacco use by WBE. An enhanced direct injection LC-MS/MS was developed to quantify anabasine and anatabine as well as nicotine biomarkers (nicotine, cotinine and hydroxycotinine). The method was optimal when wastewater was filtered through 0.2 μm RC syringe filters and a pre-conditioned SPE cartridge (Oasis HLB 1 cc, 30 mg) before 50 μL was injected into the LC-MS/MS system. Limits of quantification varied between 2.7 and 54.9 ng/L with recoveries from 76% to 103% for all five compounds. In sewer reactors, anabasine and anatabine were less stable than cotinine and hydroxycotinine. They were more stable in the gravity sewer reactor with <20% loss in 12 h than in the rising main sewer reactor with ~30% loss in the same period. We then applied the new method to 42 daily wastewater influent samples collected from an Australian wastewater treatment plant. The five biomarkers were detected in all samples with concentrations ranging from 9.2 to 7430 ng/L. All five compounds were positively correlated with one another. Our results suggested a high throughput analytical method for feasible application in anabasine and anatabine as biomarkers of tobacco use in routine wastewater monitoring.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Authors declare no competing interests.
(Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
