Evidence of human occupation in Mexico around the Last Glacial Maximum.

Tytuł:: Evidence of human occupation in Mexico around the Last Glacial Maximum.
Autorzy:: Ardelean CF; Unidad Académica de Antropología, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico. .; Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK. .
Becerra-Valdivia L; Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Chronos 14C-Cycle Facility, SSEAU, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Pedersen MW; Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Schwenninger JL; Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Oviatt CG; Department of Geology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
Macías-Quintero JI; Escuela de Arqueología, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico.
Arroyo-Cabrales J; Laboratorio de Arqueozoología, Subdirección de Laboratorios y Apoyo Académico, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City, Mexico.
Sikora M; Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Ocampo-Díaz YZE; Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de San Luís Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.; Grupo de Geología Exógena y del Sedimentario, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
Rubio-Cisneros II; Grupo de Geología Exógena y del Sedimentario, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
Watling JG; Laboratório de Arqueologia dos Trópicos, Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
de Medeiros VB; Laboratório de Micropaleontologia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
De Oliveira PE; Laboratório de Micropaleontologia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.; Botany Department, The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA.
Barba-Pingarón L; Laboratorio de Prospección Arqueológica, Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas (IIA), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
Ortiz-Butrón A; Laboratorio de Prospección Arqueológica, Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas (IIA), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
Blancas-Vázquez J; Laboratorio de Prospección Arqueológica, Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas (IIA), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
Rivera-González I; Laboratorio de Palinología, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (ENAH), Mexico City, Mexico.
Solís-Rosales C; Laboratorio de Espectrometría de Masas con Aceleradores, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
Rodríguez-Ceja M; Laboratorio de Espectrometría de Masas con Aceleradores, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
Gandy DA; Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Navarro-Gutierrez Z; Unidad Académica de Antropología, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.
De La Rosa-Díaz JJ; Unidad Académica de Antropología, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.
Huerta-Arellano V; Unidad Académica de Antropología, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.
Marroquín-Fernández MB; Escuela de Arqueología, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico.
Martínez-Riojas LM; Unidad Académica de Antropología, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.
López-Jiménez A; Laboratorio de Arqueozoología, Subdirección de Laboratorios y Apoyo Académico, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City, Mexico.
Higham T; Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Willerslev E; Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .; Welcome Trust, Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK. .; The Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. .; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .
Źródło:: Nature [Nature] 2020 Aug; Vol. 584 (7819), pp. 87-92. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jul 22.
Typ publikacji:: Historical Article; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Język:: English
Imprint Name(s):: Publication: Basingstoke : Nature Publishing Group
Original Publication: London, Macmillan Journals ltd.
MeSH Terms:: Ice Cover*
Human Migration/*history
Altitude ; Archaeology ; Bayes Theorem ; Caves ; Cultural Diversity ; DNA, Ancient/analysis ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Mexico
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Grant Information:: United Kingdom WT_ Wellcome Trust
Substance Nomenclature:: 0 (DNA, Ancient)
Entry Date(s):: Date Created: 20200724 Date Completed: 20200908 Latest Revision: 20210521
Update Code:: 20240104
DOI:: 10.1038/s41586-020-2509-0
PMID:: 32699412
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The initial colonization of the Americas remains a highly debated topic 1 , and the exact timing of the first arrivals is unknown. The earliest archaeological record of Mexico-which holds a key geographical position in the Americas-is poorly known and understudied. Historically, the region has remained on the periphery of research focused on the first American populations 2 . However, recent investigations provide reliable evidence of a human presence in the northwest region of Mexico 3,4 , the Chiapas Highlands 5 , Central Mexico 6 and the Caribbean coast 7-9 during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene epochs. Here we present results of recent excavations at Chiquihuite Cave-a high-altitude site in central-northern Mexico-that corroborate previous findings in the Americas 10-17 of cultural evidence that dates to the Last Glacial Maximum (26,500-19,000 years ago) 18 , and which push back dates for human dispersal to the region possibly as early as 33,000-31,000 years ago. The site yielded about 1,900 stone artefacts within a 3-m-deep stratified sequence, revealing a previously unknown lithic industry that underwent only minor changes over millennia. More than 50 radiocarbon and luminescence dates provide chronological control, and genetic, palaeoenvironmental and chemical data document the changing environments in which the occupants lived. Our results provide new evidence for the antiquity of humans in the Americas, illustrate the cultural diversity of the earliest dispersal groups (which predate those of the Clovis culture) and open new directions of research.

Comment in: Nature. 2020 Aug;584(7819):47-48. (PMID: 32699366)
Comment in: Nature. 2020 Jul;583(7818):670-671. (PMID: 32699369)

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