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Tytuł:
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Individual variation in cardiotoxicity of parotoid secretion of the common toad, Bufo bufo, depends on body size - first results.
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Autorzy:
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Kowalski K; Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Ecology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, Toruń, 87-100, Poland; Department of Systematic Zoology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61-614, Poland. Electronic address: .
Marciniak P; Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61-614, Poland. Electronic address: .
Rychlik L; Department of Systematic Zoology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61-614, Poland. Electronic address: .
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Źródło:
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Zoology (Jena, Germany) [Zoology (Jena)] 2020 Oct; Vol. 142, pp. 125822. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jul 18.
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Typ publikacji:
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Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Język:
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English
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Imprint Name(s):
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Publication: Jena, Germany : Urban & Fischer
Original Publication: Jena, Germany : G. Fischer, 1994-
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MeSH Terms:
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Bufo bufo/*anatomy & histology
Heart/*drug effects
Parotid Gland/*physiology
Toxins, Biological/*toxicity
Animals ; Bodily Secretions ; Body Size ; Bufo bufo/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Tenebrio/drug effects
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Contributed Indexing:
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Keywords: antipredator behavior; anurans; cardiotoxicity; predator pressure; toad parotoid poison
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Substance Nomenclature:
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0 (Toxins, Biological)
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Entry Date(s):
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Date Created: 20200831 Date Completed: 20210409 Latest Revision: 20210409
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Update Code:
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20240105
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DOI:
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10.1016/j.zool.2020.125822
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PMID:
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32862084
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Anurans secrete a wide diversity of toxins from skin glands to defend themselves against predators and pathogens. Bufonids produce potent poison in parotoid macroglands located in the postorbital region. Parotoid secretion is a rich source of bioactive compounds with cardiotoxic, cytotoxic and hemolytic activity. Poison content and toxicity may vary between species, populations, and among conspecifics inhabiting the same area. In the present paper, we pre-analyzed the individual variation in cardiotoxicity of parotoid extract of common toads (Bufo bufo Linnaeus, 1758) and impact of body mass (BM), snout to vent length (SVL), and body condition (BC) of toad on the poison toxicity. We hypothesized that large toads produce poison with higher cardiotoxicity than smaller ones. Parotoid extract was fractionated by reverse phase chromatography, and then in vitro physiological bioassays were carried out on the semi-isolated hearts of the mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758) to determine cardiotoxicity of the whole poison and separated fractions. Generalized linear mixed models were used to determine effects of BM, SVL, and BC on the poison toxicity. We recorded significant changes in the insect heart contractility after treatment with the whole poison and separated fractions. We found an individual variation in cardiotoxicity of the parotoid extract which was explained by the body size of toad. Poison of smaller toads displayed a negative, whereas poison of larger toads positive, chronotropic effect on the heart contractility. Thus, we conclude that the effectiveness of parotoid secretion in repelling predators may vary depending on the toad individual size.
(Copyright © 2020 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
