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Tytuł:
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Municipal regulation of residential landscapes across US cities: Patterns and implications for landscape sustainability.
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Autorzy:
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Larson KL; School of Geographical Science and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5302, USA. Electronic address: .
Andrade R; School of Geographical Science and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5302, USA. Electronic address: .
Nelson KC; Department of Forest Resources and Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA. Electronic address: .
Wheeler MM; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. Electronic address: .
Engebreston JM; Department of Recreation, Hospitality, and Parks Management, California State University, Chico, Chico, CA, 95929, USA. Electronic address: .
Hall SJ; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. Electronic address: .
Avolio ML; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA. Electronic address: .
Groffman PM; City University of New York Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, New York, NY, 10031, USA; Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, 12545, USA. Electronic address: .
Grove M; Baltimore Field Station, Forest Service Northern Research Station, US Department of Agriculture, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA. Electronic address: .
Heffernan JB; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA. Electronic address: .
Hobbie SE; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA. Electronic address: .
Lerman SB; Forest Service Northern Research Station, US Department of Agriculture, Amherst, MA, USA, 01003. Electronic address: .
Locke DH; Baltimore Field Station, Forest Service Northern Research Station, US Department of Agriculture, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA. Electronic address: .
Neill C; Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, 02540, USA. Electronic address: .
Chowdhury RR; Clark University, Graduate School of Geography, Worcester, MA, 01610, USA. Electronic address: .
Trammell TLE; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA. Electronic address: .
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Źródło:
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Journal of environmental management [J Environ Manage] 2020 Dec 01; Vol. 275, pp. 111132. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Sep 29.
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Typ publikacji:
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Journal Article
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Język:
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English
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Imprint Name(s):
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Original Publication: London ; New York, Academic Press.
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MeSH Terms:
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Conservation of Natural Resources*
Ecosystem*
Cities ; Gardening ; Plants
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Contributed Indexing:
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Keywords: Ecosystem services; Landscape sustainability; Multi-objective; Planning; Residential yards and gardens; Urban ecology
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Entry Date(s):
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Date Created: 20201001 Date Completed: 20201019 Latest Revision: 20201019
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Update Code:
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20240105
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DOI:
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10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111132
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PMID:
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33002703
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Local regulations on residential landscapes (yards and gardens) can facilitate or constrain ecosystem services and disservices in cities. To our knowledge, no studies have undertaken a comprehensive look at how municipalities regulate residential landscapes to achieve particular goals and to control management practices. Across six U.S. cities, we analyzed 156 municipal ordinances to examine regional patterns in local landscape regulations and their implications for sustainability. Specifically, we conducted content analysis to capture regulations aimed at: 1) goals pertaining to conservation and environmental management, aesthetics and nuisance avoidance, and health and wellbeing, and 2) management actions including vegetation maintenance, water and waste management, food production, and chemical inputs. Our results reveal significant variation in local and regional regulations. While regulatory goals stress stormwater management and nuisance avoidance, relatively few municipalities explicitly regulate residential yards to maintain property values, mitigate heat, or avoid allergens. Meanwhile, biological conservation and water quality protection are common goals, yet regulations on yard management practices (e.g., non-native plants or chemical inputs) sometimes contradict these purposes. In addition, regulations emphasizing aesthetics and the maintenance of vegetation, mowing of grass and weeds, as well as the removal of dead wood, may inhibit wildlife-friendly yards. As a whole, landscaping ordinances largely ignore tradeoffs between interacting goals and outcomes, thereby limiting their potential to support landscape sustainability. Recommendations therefore include coordinated, multiobjective planning through partnerships among planners, developers, researchers, and non-government entities at multiple scales.
(Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
