The effect of competitive and cooperative contexts on comparative optimism.

Tytuł:: The effect of competitive and cooperative contexts on comparative optimism.
Autorzy:: Krzeminski A; Department of Psychology, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
Milhabet I; Department of Psychology, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
Schadron G; Department of Psychology, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
Źródło:: International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie [Int J Psychol] 2021 Oct; Vol. 56 (5), pp. 654-668. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Dec 04.
Typ publikacji:: Comparative Study; Journal Article
Język:: English
Imprint Name(s):: Publication: 2014- : Chichester : Wiley
Original Publication: 1966-<1978>: Paris : Dunod
MeSH Terms:: Competitive Behavior*
Cooperative Behavior*
Optimism*
Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult
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Contributed Indexing:: Keywords: Comparative optimism; Competition; Cooperation; Distance; Proximity
Entry Date(s):: Date Created: 20201204 Date Completed: 20211110 Latest Revision: 20211110
Update Code:: 20240104
DOI:: 10.1002/ijop.12732
PMID:: 33274759
: Czasopismo naukowe

Pełny tekst

Several common characteristics are shared by competition and comparative optimism; and comparative optimism has often been observed in competitive environments like entrepreneurial fields or areas that require skills. Competitive context could be an explanatory factor for comparative optimism neglected to date. The aim of this article is to test the links between competition (vs. cooperation) and comparative optimism. In Study 1, participants in different academic majors with a more or less competitive nature (respectively, medical studies and human sciences studies) answered questions about their future and that of others. In Study 2, for the participants in the less competitive course of study (human sciences studies), we presented their studies as being either competitive or cooperative. The impact of this context was tested as a function of the closeness or distance between the participants and the comparison targets. The results of both studies showed that competition increased the expression of comparative optimism. In Study 2, this effect emerged more when the comparison target was distant than when it was close, with proximity hindering the competitive relationship between the self and others. The feeling of competition with others contributed to a better understanding of comparative optimism and initiated new explanations for its emergence.
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