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Tytuł:
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Environmental regulation benefits for whom? Heterogeneous effects of the intensity of the environmental regulation on employment in China.
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Autorzy:
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Zhong S; School of Public Economics and Administration, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, 200433, Shanghai, China.
Xiong Y; School of Public Economics and Administration, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, 200433, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: .
Xiang G; College of Economics and Trade, Hunan University of Technology and Business, 410205, Changsha, China.
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Źródło:
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Journal of environmental management [J Environ Manage] 2021 Mar 01; Vol. 281, pp. 111877. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Dec 25.
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Typ publikacji:
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Journal Article
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Język:
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English
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Imprint Name(s):
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Original Publication: London ; New York, Academic Press.
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MeSH Terms:
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Employment*
Environmental Pollution*
China ; Models, Theoretical
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Contributed Indexing:
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Keywords: Double dividend; Dynamic spatial durbin model; Employment; Environmental regulation intensity; High-skilled labour; Low-skilled labour
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Entry Date(s):
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Date Created: 20201228 Date Completed: 20210209 Latest Revision: 20210209
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Update Code:
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20240105
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DOI:
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10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111877
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PMID:
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33370676
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As environmental pollution in China has deteriorated in the recent years, intensifying environmental regulation has become a necessity for the Chinese government. But the debate persists among the academic circles and the government over whether a double dividend, reducing pollution emission and boosting employment, of environmental regulations exists. This study differentiates, based on Cobb-Douglas production function, the variance between high- and low-skilled labour and constructs theoretical models to analyse heterogeneous effects of environmental regulation intensity on the employment of labour with varied skills. The model finds that implementing environmental regulation will generate 'compliance cost effect' and 'innovation offset effect'. The compliance cost effect will promote the employment of high-skilled labour while suppressing that of the low-skilled labour. The innovation offset effect, however, will facilitate the employment for both high-skilled and low-skilled labour. Therefore, the employment of high-skilled labour will grow along with the intensification of environmental regulation while that of the low-skilled labour will decline first and then rebound, showcasing a U-shaped curve. The empirical research results based on the provincial dynamic panel data from 2004 to 2018 in China confirm the theoretical analysis. Moreover, we find spatial spillover effects of environmental regulation on employment, with high-skilled labour being more sensitive to changes in environmental regulation. One percentage point increase in environmental regulation in neighbouring regions will cause 0.072% employment decline in high-skilled labour while that of low-skilled labour will only decrease 0.033%. The conclusions of this study verify that dividend in employment growth for both high-skilled and low-skilled labour can be realised along with intensification of environmental regulation, which carries significant guiding implications for policy-making for environmental regulation in China.
(Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
