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Tytuł:
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Thiocyanate in excess develops goiter followed by auto immune thyroid diseases even after effective salt iodization in a rural community of north east India.
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Autorzy:
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Singh LH; Department of Zoology, D.M. College of Science, Imphal, Manipur, India.
Chandra AK; Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road Kolkata, 700 009 Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: .
Yumnam SD; Department of Zoology, D.M. College of Science, Imphal, Manipur, India.
Sarkar D; Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road Kolkata, 700 009 Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Manglem RK; Babina Diagnostics, Imphal, Manipur, India.
Dhabali T; Babina Diagnostics, Imphal, Manipur, India.
Mookerjee S; Medical College Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Ray I; Department of Human Physiology, Ramkrishna Mahavidyalaya (Govt. of Tripura), Tripura, India.
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Źródło:
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Ecotoxicology and environmental safety [Ecotoxicol Environ Saf] 2021 Jan 15; Vol. 208, pp. 111711. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Dec 07.
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Typ publikacji:
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Journal Article
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Język:
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English
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Imprint Name(s):
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Original Publication: Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier
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MeSH Terms:
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Dietary Exposure/*adverse effects
Goiter, Endemic/*chemically induced
Iodine/*administration & dosage
Sodium Chloride, Dietary/*administration & dosage
Thiocyanates/*adverse effects
Adult ; Autoantibodies/blood ; Bambusa/adverse effects ; Bambusa/chemistry ; Child ; Dietary Exposure/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Goiter, Endemic/diagnosis ; Goiter, Endemic/epidemiology ; Goiter, Endemic/immunology ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Iodine/urine ; Male ; Prevalence ; Rural Health/statistics & numerical data ; Thiocyanates/urine ; Thyroid Gland/pathology ; Thyroid Gland/physiopathology ; Thyroid Hormones/blood ; Thyrotropin/blood
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Contributed Indexing:
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Keywords: Endemic goiter; Hypo-and hyperthyroidism; Iodine nutrition; Thiocyanate; Thyroid echogenicity/cytomorphology
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Substance Nomenclature:
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0 (Autoantibodies)
0 (Sodium Chloride, Dietary)
0 (Thiocyanates)
0 (Thyroid Hormones)
0 (iodized salt)
9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin)
9679TC07X4 (Iodine)
O748SU14OM (thiocyanate)
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Entry Date(s):
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Date Created: 20210105 Date Completed: 20210122 Latest Revision: 20210122
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Update Code:
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20240105
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DOI:
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10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111711
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PMID:
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33396042
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Purpose: Salt iodization in Manipur of north-east India failed to prevent endemic goiter, therefore an in depth study carried out to evaluate thyroid functions of goitrous subjects in a randomly selected region.
Methods: Goiter survey conducted in children and women of reproductive ages by palpation followed by measurement of urinary iodine, thiocyanate and house-hold salt iodine to evaluate iodine nutritional status and consumption pattern of bamboo-shoots (BS). In all grade-2 goitrous subjects, free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, TSH, TPO and Tg antibodies, thyroid volume and echogenecity by ultrasonography and cytomorphology of thyroid by FNAC studied.
Results: Study population was 2486 children and 1506 women, goiter prevalence was 12.59% and 16.27% respectively; median urinary iodine and mean thiocyanate were 166 µg/l and 0.729 ± 0.408 mg/dl while salt iodine was ≥30 ppm. Serum thyroid hormones and TSH profiles of all grade-2 goitrous subjects showed 16.21% were subclinically hypothyroid, 2.16% overt hypothyroid, 4.86% subclinically hyperthyroid and 6.48% overt hyperthyroid, serum TPO- and Tg-antibodies found positive in 41.62%. Ultrasonographic results showed 24% had enlarged thyroid and 86.4% hypoechoic. Cytomorphological studies showed prevalence of colloid goiter (41.08%), lymphocytic thyroiditis (37.83%), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (8.10%), autoimmune thyroiditis (4.32%), sub-acute thyroiditis (2.16%) and 1.62% each papillary, medullary carcinoma, simple diffused hyperplasia and adenomoid nodular goiter.
Conclusions: Grade-2 goitrous individuals in this mild goiter endemic region were affected by hypo- and hyperthyroidism with hypoechoic thyroid and thyroiditis. Thiocyanate that originates from BS even in presence of adequate iodine developed goiter and led goitrous population towards such diseases.
(Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
