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Tytuł:
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The interplay between environmental exposures and COVID-19 risks in the health of children.
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Autorzy:
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Sly PD; Children's Health and Environment Program, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Trottier BA; Superfund Research Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 530 Davis Drive, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
Bulka CM; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.
Cormier SA; LSU Superfund Research Program, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA.
Fobil J; Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Fry RC; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.
Kim KW; School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.
Kleeberger S; Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, USA.
Kumar P; United Nations Environment Program, Nairobi, Kenya.
Landrigan PJ; Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, USA.
Lodrop Carlsen KC; Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Oslo & Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Pascale A; Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Polack F; Fundación INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Ruchirawat M; Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand.
Zar HJ; Dept of Paediatrics & Child Health and SA-MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Suk WA; Superfund Research Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 530 Davis Drive, Durham, NC, 27709, USA. .
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Źródło:
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Environmental health : a global access science source [Environ Health] 2021 Mar 26; Vol. 20 (1), pp. 34. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Mar 26.
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Typ publikacji:
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Journal Article
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Język:
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English
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Imprint Name(s):
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Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2002-
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MeSH Terms:
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Child Health*
Environmental Health*
COVID-19/*epidemiology
Environmental Exposure/*adverse effects
Adult ; Age Factors ; Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Air Pollution/prevention & control ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/pathology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Child ; Disease Susceptibility/epidemiology ; Disease Susceptibility/immunology ; Disease Susceptibility/pathology ; Environmental Exposure/prevention & control ; Fetal Development ; Humans ; Hygiene Hypothesis ; Immunity, Innate ; Respiratory System/pathology ; Respiratory System/virology ; SARS-CoV-2
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Grant Information:
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P30 ES010126 United States ES NIEHS NIH HHS
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Contributed Indexing:
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Keywords: COVID-19; Children’s environmental health; Combined exposures; SARS-Cov-2
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Entry Date(s):
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Date Created: 20210327 Date Completed: 20210413 Latest Revision: 20240331
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Update Code:
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20240331
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PubMed Central ID:
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PMC7996114
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DOI:
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10.1186/s12940-021-00716-z
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PMID:
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33771185
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Background: An unusual feature of SARS-Cov-2 infection and the COVID-19 pandemic is that children are less severely affected than adults. This is especially paradoxical given the epidemiological links between poor air quality and increased COVID-19 severity in adults and that children are generally more vulnerable than adults to the adverse consequences of air pollution.
Objectives: To identify gaps in knowledge about the factors that protect children from severe SARS-Cov-2 infection even in the face of air pollution, and to develop a transdisciplinary research strategy to address these gaps.
Methods: An international group of researchers interested in children's environmental health was invited to identify knowledge gaps and to develop research questions to close these gaps.
Discussion: Key research questions identified include: what are the effects of SAR-Cov-2 infection during pregnancy on the developing fetus and child; what is the impact of age at infection and genetic susceptibility on disease severity; why do some children with COVID-19 infection develop toxic shock and Kawasaki-like symptoms; what are the impacts of toxic environmental exposures including poor air quality, chemical and metal exposures on innate immunity, especially in the respiratory epithelium; what is the possible role of a "dirty" environment in conveying protection - an example of the "hygiene hypothesis"; and what are the long term health effects of SARS-Cov-2 infection in early life.
Conclusion: A concerted research effort by a multidisciplinary team of scientists is needed to understand the links between environmental exposures, especially air pollution and COVID-19. We call for specific research funding to encourage basic and clinical research to understand if/why exposure to environmental factors is associated with more severe disease, why children appear to be protected, and how innate immune responses may be involved. Lessons learned about SARS-Cov-2 infection in our children will help us to understand and reduce disease severity in adults, the opposite of the usual scenario.
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