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Tytuł:
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A century of genetic homogenization in Baltic salmon-evidence from archival DNA.
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Autorzy:
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Östergren J; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Stångholmsvägen 2, SE-178 93 Drottningholm, Sweden.
Palm S; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Stångholmsvägen 2, SE-178 93 Drottningholm, Sweden.
Gilbey J; Marine Scotland Science, Freshwater Fisheries Laboratory, Faskally, Pitlochry, PH16 5LB, UK.
Spong G; Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 USA.
Dannewitz J; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Stångholmsvägen 2, SE-178 93 Drottningholm, Sweden.
Königsson H; Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 USA.
Persson J; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Stångholmsvägen 2, SE-178 93 Drottningholm, Sweden.
Vasemägi A; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Stångholmsvägen 2, SE-178 93 Drottningholm, Sweden.; Chair of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.
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Źródło:
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Proceedings. Biological sciences [Proc Biol Sci] 2021 Apr 28; Vol. 288 (1949), pp. 20203147. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Apr 21.
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Typ publikacji:
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Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Język:
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English
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Imprint Name(s):
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Original Publication: London : Royal Society of London, c1990-
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MeSH Terms:
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Salmo salar*/genetics
Animals ; Baltic States ; DNA ; Gene Flow ; Humans ; Rivers
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References:
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Contributed Indexing:
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Keywords: Salmo salar; conservation; genetic change; historical DNA; human-induced
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Molecular Sequence:
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Dryad 10.5061/dryad.2bvq83bpb
figshare 10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5365203
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Substance Nomenclature:
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9007-49-2 (DNA)
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Entry Date(s):
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Date Created: 20210421 Date Completed: 20210520 Latest Revision: 20210520
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Update Code:
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20240104
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PubMed Central ID:
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PMC8059615
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DOI:
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10.1098/rspb.2020.3147
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PMID:
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33878928
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Intra-species genetic homogenization arising from anthropogenic impacts is a major threat to biodiversity. However, few taxa have sufficient historical material to systematically quantify long-term genetic changes. Using archival DNA collected over approximately 100 years, we assessed spatio-temporal genetic change in Atlantic salmon populations across the Baltic Sea, an area heavily impacted by hydropower exploitation and associated with large-scale mitigation stocking. Analysis was carried out by screening 82 SNPs in 1680 individuals from 13 Swedish rivers. We found an overall decrease in genetic divergence and diminished isolation by distance among populations, strongly indicating genetic homogenization over the past century. We further observed an increase in genetic diversity within populations consistent with increased gene flow. The temporal genetic change was lower in larger wild populations than in smaller wild and hatchery-reared ones, indicating that larger populations have been able to support a high number of native spawners in relation to immigrants. Our results demonstrate that stocking practices of salmon in the Baltic Sea have led to the homogenization of populations over the last century, potentially compromising their ability to adapt to environmental change. Stocking of reared fish is common worldwide, and our study is a cautionary example of the potentially long-term negative effects of such activities.