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Tytuł:
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Long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality in a prospective cohort: The Ontario Health Study.
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Autorzy:
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Zhang Z; Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Wang J; Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Kwong JC; Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Burnett RT; Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
van Donkelaar A; Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Hystad P; College of Public Health and Human Studies, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
Martin RV; Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Bai L; ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.
McLaughlin J; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Chen H; Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Electronic address: .
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Źródło:
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Environment international [Environ Int] 2021 Sep; Vol. 154, pp. 106570. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Apr 23.
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Typ publikacji:
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Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Język:
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English
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Imprint Name(s):
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Publication: : Amsterdam : Elsevier Science
Original Publication: Oxford; Elmsford, N. Y., Pergamon Press.
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MeSH Terms:
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Air Pollutants*/analysis
Air Pollutants*/toxicity
Air Pollution*/adverse effects
Cohort Studies ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Humans ; Ontario/epidemiology ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Prospective Studies
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Contributed Indexing:
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Keywords: Low-exposure environment; Mortality; Nitrogen dioxide; Particulate matter; Prospective cohort
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Substance Nomenclature:
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0 (Air Pollutants)
0 (Particulate Matter)
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Entry Date(s):
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Date Created: 20210423 Date Completed: 20210702 Latest Revision: 20210702
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Update Code:
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20240104
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DOI:
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10.1016/j.envint.2021.106570
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PMID:
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33892223
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Background: Air pollution has been associated with increased mortality. However, updated evidence from cohort studies with detailed information on various risk factors is needed, especially in regions with low air pollution levels. We investigated the associations between long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality in a prospective cohort.
Methods: We studied 88,615 participants aged ≥30 years from an ongoing cohort study in Ontario, Canada from 2009 to 2017. Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) was estimated at participants' residence. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the associations between air pollution and non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, adjusted for a wide array of individual-level and contextual covariates. Potential effect modification by socio-demographic and behavioral factors was also examined in exploratory stratified analyses.
Results: The fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) per 1 µg/m 3 increment in PM 2.5 were 1.037 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.018, 1.057]¸ 1.083 (95% CI: 1.040, 1.128) and 1.109 (95% CI: 1.035, 1.187) for non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, respectively. Positive associations were also found for NO 2 ; the corresponding HRs per 1 ppb increment were 1.027 (95% CI: 1.021, 1.034), 1.032 (95% CI: 1.019, 1.046) and 1.044 (95% CI: 1.020, 1.068). We found suggestive evidence of stronger associations in physically active participants, smokers, and those with lower household income.
Conclusions: Long-term exposure to PM 2.5 and NO 2 was associated with increased risks for non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, suggesting potential benefits of further improvement in air quality even in low-exposure environments.
(Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
