The Association Between Neighborhood Social Vulnerability and COVID-19 Testing, Positivity, and Incidence in Alabama and Louisiana.

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Tytuł:: The Association Between Neighborhood Social Vulnerability and COVID-19 Testing, Positivity, and Incidence in Alabama and Louisiana.
Autorzy:: Oates GR; School of Medicine, University of Alabama At Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. .
Juarez LD; School of Medicine, University of Alabama At Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Horswell R; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Chu S; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Miele L; Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Fouad MN; School of Medicine, University of Alabama At Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Curry WA; School of Medicine, University of Alabama At Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Fort D; Ochsner Center for Outcomes Research, Ochsner Health, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Hillegass WB; University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
Danos DM; Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Źródło:: Journal of community health [J Community Health] 2021 Dec; Vol. 46 (6), pp. 1115-1123. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 May 09.
Typ publikacji:: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Język:: English
Imprint Name(s):: Publication: Amsterdam : Springer
Original Publication: New York, Human Sciences Press.
MeSH Terms:: COVID-19*
Alabama/epidemiology ; COVID-19 Testing ; Humans ; Incidence ; Louisiana ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Socioeconomic Factors ; United States
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Grant Information:: U54GM11542 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS; U54 GM104940 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS; U54GM104940 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS; U54 MD000502 United States MD NIMHD NIH HHS; U54MD000502 United States MD NIMHD NIH HHS; U54 GM115428 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS
Contributed Indexing:: Keywords: COVID-19 incidence; COVID-19 testing; Neighborhood; Racial/ethnic disparities; Social vulnerability
Entry Date(s):: Date Created: 20210509 Date Completed: 20211125 Latest Revision: 20231102
Update Code:: 20240105
PubMed Central ID:: PMC8106900
DOI:: 10.1007/s10900-021-00998-x
PMID:: 33966116
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Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in COVID-19 burden have been widely reported. Using data from the state health departments of Alabama and Louisiana aggregated to residential Census tracts, we assessed the relationship between social vulnerability and COVID-19 testing rates, test positivity, and incidence. Data were cumulative for the period of February 27, 2020 to October 7, 2020. We estimated the association of the 2018 Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) overall score and theme scores with COVID-19 tests, test positivity, and cases using multivariable negative binomial regressions. We adjusted for rurality with 2010 Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes. Regional effects were modeled as fixed effects of counties/parishes and state health department regions. The analytical sample included 1160 Alabama and 1105 Louisiana Census tracts. In both states, overall social vulnerability and vulnerability themes were significantly associated with increased COVID-19 case rates (RR 1.57, 95% CI 1.45-1.70 for Alabama; RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.26-1.46 for Louisiana). There was increased COVID-19 testing with higher overall vulnerability in Louisiana (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.14-1.38), but not in Alabama (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.89-1.02). Consequently, test positivity in Alabama was significantly associated with social vulnerability (RR 1.66, 95% CI 1.57-1.75), whereas no such relationship was observed in Louisiana (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.98-1.12). Social vulnerability is a risk factor for COVID-19 infection, particularly among racial/ethnic minorities and those in disadvantaged housing conditions without transportation. Increased testing targeted to vulnerable communities may contribute to reduction in test positivity and overall COVID-19 disparities.
(© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

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