Eye-movement control during learning and scanning of Landolt-C stimuli: Exposure frequency effects and spacing effects in a visual search task.

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Abstrakt

Tytuł:: Eye-movement control during learning and scanning of Landolt-C stimuli: Exposure frequency effects and spacing effects in a visual search task.
Autorzy:: Wang M; Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300074, China. .
Blythe HI; Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Liversedge SP; School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
Źródło:: Attention, perception & psychophysics [Atten Percept Psychophys] 2021 Aug; Vol. 83 (6), pp. 2394-2409. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 May 25.
Typ publikacji:: Journal Article
Język:: English
Imprint Name(s):: Publication: 2011- : New York : Springer
Original Publication: Austin, Tex. : Psychonomic Society
MeSH Terms:: Eye Movements*
Reading*
Humans ; Language ; Learning
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Grant Information:: No.201506270131 China Scholarship Council
Contributed Indexing:: Keywords: Cluster demarcation; Exposure frequency; Landolt-C; Visual search
Entry Date(s):: Date Created: 20210526 Date Completed: 20210727 Latest Revision: 20210727
Update Code:: 20240105
DOI:: 10.3758/s13414-021-02321-1
PMID:: 34036537
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We examined whether typical frequency effects observed in normal reading would also occur in a target search task using non-linguistic Landolt-C stimuli. In an initial learning session, we simulated development of frequency effects by controlling exposures participants received of Landolt-C clusters during learning. In a subsequent scanning session, we manipulated the cluster demarcation form of linear strings of Landolt-C clusters (i.e., spaced vs. unspaced vs. shaded unspaced). Participants were required to scan and search for pre-learnt target clusters that were embedded in longer Landolt-C strings. During learning, frequency effects were successfully simulated such that targets with more exposures received shorter fixation time than those with fewer exposures. Participants were unable to successfully detect the pre-learnt targets when they were embedded in the strings during scanning. No evidence of frequency effects was observed in the scanning session. In contrast, eye-movement control was significantly influenced by cluster demarcation form, with increased difficulty for unspaced strings, less for shaded strings, and least for spaced strings. Furthermore, typical landing position distributions that occur in reading of spaced languages also occurred during scanning of spaced Landolt-C strings but not for the shaded or the unspaced strings. In conclusion, exposure frequency effects were successfully simulated during learning but did not carry over to target search during scanning of Landolt-C strings. Possible reasons why frequency effects did not occur in the scanning session are discussed.
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