Insulin action, type 2 diabetes, and branched-chain amino acids: A two-way street.

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Abstrakt

Tytuł:: Insulin action, type 2 diabetes, and branched-chain amino acids: A two-way street.
Autorzy:: White PJ; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Divisions of Endocrinology & Metabolism and Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
McGarrah RW; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Divisions of Endocrinology & Metabolism and Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
Herman MA; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Divisions of Endocrinology & Metabolism and Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
Bain JR; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Divisions of Endocrinology & Metabolism and Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
Shah SH; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Divisions of Endocrinology & Metabolism and Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
Newgard CB; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Divisions of Endocrinology & Metabolism and Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA. Electronic address: .
Źródło:: Molecular metabolism [Mol Metab] 2021 Oct; Vol. 52, pp. 101261. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 May 24.
Typ publikacji:: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review
Język:: English
Imprint Name(s):: Original Publication: [München] : Elsevier GmbH, 2012-
MeSH Terms:: Blood Glucose/*metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*metabolism
Insulin/*metabolism
Keto Acids/*metabolism
Obesity/*complications
3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)/metabolism ; ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase/metabolism ; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Keto Acids/blood ; Lipogenesis ; Liver/metabolism ; Obesity/blood ; Obesity/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein Phosphatase 2C/metabolism
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Grant Information:: P30 DK124723 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS
Contributed Indexing:: Keywords: Branched-chain amino acids; Insulin resistance; Lipogenesis; Metabolic diseases; Nutrition
Substance Nomenclature:: 0 (Amino Acids, Branched-Chain)
0 (Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors)
0 (Blood Glucose)
0 (Insulin)
0 (Keto Acids)
0 (MLXIPL protein, human)
EC 1.2.4.4 (3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide))
EC 2.3.3.8 (ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase)
EC 2.7.- (Protein Kinases)
EC 2.7.11.4 ((3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)) kinase)
EC 3.1.3.16 (Protein Phosphatase 2C)
Entry Date(s):: Date Created: 20210527 Date Completed: 20220309 Latest Revision: 20220309
Update Code:: 20240105
PubMed Central ID:: PMC8513145
DOI:: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101261
PMID:: 34044180
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Background: A strong association of obesity and insulin resistance with increased circulating levels of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids and decreased glycine levels has been recognized in human subjects for decades.
Scope of Review: More recently, human metabolomics and genetic studies have confirmed and expanded upon these observations, accompanied by a surge in preclinical studies that have identified mechanisms involved in the perturbation of amino acid homeostasis- how these events are connected to dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism, and how elevations in branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) may participate in the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and other cardiometabolic diseases and conditions.
Major Conclusions: In human cohorts, BCAA and related metabolites are now well established as among the strongest biomarkers of obesity, insulin resistance, T2D, and cardiovascular diseases. Lowering of BCAA and branched-chain ketoacid (BCKA) levels by feeding BCAA-restricted diet or by the activation of the rate-limiting enzyme in BCAA catabolism, branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), in rodent models of obesity have clear salutary effects on glucose and lipid homeostasis, but BCAA restriction has more modest effects in short-term studies in human T2D subjects. Feeding of rats with diets enriched in sucrose or fructose result in the induction of the ChREBP transcription factor in the liver to increase expression of the BCKDH kinase (BDK) and suppress the expression of its phosphatase (PPM1K) resulting in the inactivation of BCKDH and activation of the key lipogenic enzyme ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY). These and other emergent links between BCAA, glucose, and lipid metabolism motivate ongoing studies of possible causal actions of BCAA and related metabolites in the development of cardiometabolic diseases.
(Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.)

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