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Tytuł pozycji:

Role of host factors in SARS-CoV-2 entry.

Tytuł:
Role of host factors in SARS-CoV-2 entry.
Autorzy:
Evans JP; Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Liu SL; Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. Electronic address: .
Źródło:
The Journal of biological chemistry [J Biol Chem] 2021 Jul; Vol. 297 (1), pp. 100847. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 May 28.
Typ publikacji:
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Review
Język:
English
Imprint Name(s):
Publication: 2021- : [New York, NY] : Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Original Publication: Baltimore, MD : American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
MeSH Terms:
Virus Internalization*
COVID-19/*metabolism
SARS-CoV-2/*physiology
Animals ; Basigin/genetics ; Basigin/metabolism ; COVID-19/genetics ; COVID-19/virology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Lectins, C-Type/genetics ; Lectins, C-Type/metabolism ; Neuropilin-1/genetics ; Neuropilin-1/metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/genetics ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics
Grant Information:
R01 AI150473 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS; U54 CA260582 United States CA NCI NIH HHS
Contributed Indexing:
Keywords: ACE2; RNA virus; SARS-CoV-2; TMPRSS2; cathepsin B; endocytosis; entry cofactor; membrane fusion; virus entry; virus receptor
Substance Nomenclature:
0 (Lectins, C-Type)
0 (Receptors, Virus)
136894-56-9 (Basigin)
144713-63-3 (Neuropilin-1)
Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20210531 Date Completed: 20210810 Latest Revision: 20210810
Update Code:
20240105
PubMed Central ID:
PMC8160279
DOI:
10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100847
PMID:
34058196
Czasopismo naukowe
The zoonotic transmission of highly pathogenic coronaviruses into the human population is a pressing concern highlighted by the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Recent work has helped to illuminate much about the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the cell, which determines host- and tissue-specific tropism, pathogenicity, and zoonotic transmission. Here we discuss current findings on the factors governing SARS-CoV-2 entry. We first reviewed key features of the viral spike protein (S) mediating fusion of the viral envelope and host cell membrane through binding to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. We then examined the roles of host proteases including transmembrane protease serine 2 and cathepsins in processing S for virus entry and the impact of this processing on endosomal and plasma membrane virus entry routes. We further discussed recent work on several host cofactors that enhance SARS-CoV-2 entry including Neuropilin-1, CD147, phosphatidylserine receptors, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, sialic acids, and C-type lectins. Finally, we discussed two key host restriction factors, i.e., interferon-induced transmembrane proteins and lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus E, which can disrupt SARS-CoV-2 entry. The features of SARS-CoV-2 are presented in the context of other human coronaviruses, highlighting unique aspects. In addition, we identify the gaps in understanding of SARS-CoV-2 entry that will need to be addressed by future studies.
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest with the contents of this article.
(Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

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