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Tytuł:
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Association between informal employment and mortality rate by welfare regime in Latin America and the Caribbean: an ecological study.
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Autorzy:
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Silva-Peñaherrera M; Center for Research in Occupational Health, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain .
López-Ruiz M; Center for Research in Occupational Health, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
Merino-Salazar P; Facultad de Ciencias del Trabajo y Comportamiento Humano, Universidad Internacional SEK Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
Gomez Garcia AR; Facultad de Post-Grados, Universidad de Especialidades Espiritu Santo, Samborondon, Ecuador.
Benavides FG; Center for Research in Occupational Health, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Źródło:
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BMJ open [BMJ Open] 2021 Aug 02; Vol. 11 (8), pp. e044920. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 02.
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Typ publikacji:
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Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Język:
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English
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Imprint Name(s):
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Original Publication: [London] : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2011-
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MeSH Terms:
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Employment*
Social Welfare*
Adult ; Caribbean Region ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Developing Countries ; Female ; Humans ; Latin America/epidemiology ; Male
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References:
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Int J Public Health. 2017 Mar;62(2):209-218. (PMID: 27572494)
Int J Health Serv. 2020 Apr;50(2):199-208. (PMID: 31902288)
Occup Environ Med. 2010 Aug;67(8):548-55. (PMID: 20576923)
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011 Sep;65(9):746-50. (PMID: 21282147)
Soc Sci Med. 2018 Jan;196:115-122. (PMID: 29175700)
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2019 Dec;73(12):1141-1144. (PMID: 31586935)
Annu Rev Public Health. 2014;35:229-53. (PMID: 24641559)
Scand J Public Health. 2017 Feb;45(1):73-84. (PMID: 27885160)
J Public Health (Oxf). 2019 Jun 1;41(2):e141-e151. (PMID: 29982746)
Epidemiol Rev. 2009;31:152-77. (PMID: 19474091)
Int J Health Serv. 2014;44(1):113-36. (PMID: 24684087)
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Contributed Indexing:
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Keywords: health & safety; health policy; occupational & industrial medicine; public health
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Entry Date(s):
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Date Created: 20210803 Date Completed: 20210804 Latest Revision: 20210821
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Update Code:
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20240105
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PubMed Central ID:
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PMC8330579
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DOI:
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10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044920
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PMID:
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34341032
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Objective: We aimed to estimate the association between informal employment and mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) by comparing welfare state regimes.
Design: Ecological study using time-series cross-sectional analysis of countries. Informality was estimated from household surveys by the Center for Distributive, Labor and Social Studies in collaboration with the World Bank, and the adult mortality rates for 2000-2016 were obtained from the WHO databases. Countries were grouped by welfare state regimes: state productivist, state protectionist and familialist. We calculated the compound annual growth rate for each country and performed linear regression between the informality and the adult mortality rates stratified by sex and welfare state regime.
Setting: Seventeen countries from LAC with available data on informality and adult mortality rates for 2000-2016.
Primary Outcome Measure: The association between informality and mortality by welfare state regime.
Results: Between 2000 and 2016, mortality rates decreased an average 1.3% per year and informal employment rates 0.5% per year. We found a significant positive association between informality and mortality rates (women: R 2 =0.48; men: R 2 =0.36). The association was stronger among the state regime countries (women: R 2 =0.58; men: R 2 =0.77), with no significant association among the familialist countries.
Conclusion: Informal employment negatively impacts population health, which is modified by welfare state regimes. Addressing informal employment could be an effective way to improve population health in LAC. However, linkage with public health and labour market agendas will be necessary.
Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.
(© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
