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Tytuł pozycji:

Blood glucose regulation in context of infection.

Tytuł:
Blood glucose regulation in context of infection.
Autorzy:
Wensveen FM; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
Šestan M; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
Turk Wensveen T; Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Cardiometabolism, Thalassotherapia, Opatija, Croatia; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Clinical Hospital Centre, Rijeka, Croatia.
Polić B; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. Electronic address: .
Źródło:
Vitamins and hormones [Vitam Horm] 2021; Vol. 117, pp. 253-318. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jul 31.
Typ publikacji:
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review
Język:
English
Imprint Name(s):
Original Publication: New York, Academic Press.
MeSH Terms:
Blood Glucose/*immunology
Blood Glucose/*metabolism
Endocrine System/*immunology
Endocrine System/*metabolism
Infections/*immunology
Infections/*metabolism
Humans
Contributed Indexing:
Keywords: CMV; COVID-19; Infection; Inflammation; Influenza A; Insulin; Insulin resistance; LCMV; Obesity; Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Substance Nomenclature:
0 (Blood Glucose)
Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20210823 Date Completed: 20210901 Latest Revision: 20210901
Update Code:
20240104
DOI:
10.1016/bs.vh.2021.06.009
PMID:
34420584
Czasopismo naukowe
The immune and endocrine systems collectively control homeostasis in the body. The endocrine system ensures that values of essential factors and nutrients such as glucose, electrolytes and vitamins are maintained within threshold values. The immune system resolves local disruptions in tissue homeostasis, caused by pathogens or malfunctioning cells. The immediate goals of these two systems do not always align. The immune system benefits from optimal access to nutrients for itself and restriction of nutrient availability to all other organs to limit pathogen replication. The endocrine system aims to ensure optimal nutrient access for all organs, limited only by the nutrients stores that the body has available. The actual state of homeostatic parameters such as blood glucose levels represents a careful balance based on regulatory signals from the immune and endocrine systems. This state is not static but continuously adjusted in response to changes in the current metabolic needs of the body, the amount of resources it has available and the level of threats it encounters. This balance is maintained by the ability of the immune and endocrine systems to interact and co-regulate systemic metabolism. In context of metabolic disease, this system is disrupted, which impairs functionality of both systems. The failure of the endocrine system to retain levels of nutrients such as glucose within threshold values impairs functionality of the immune system. In addition, metabolic stress of organs in context of obesity is perceived by the immune system as a disruption in local homeostasis, which it tries to resolve by the excretion of factors which further disrupt normal metabolic control. In this chapter, we will discuss how the immune and endocrine systems interact under homeostatic conditions and during infection with a focus on blood glucose regulation. In addition, we will discuss how this system fails in the context of metabolic disease.
(Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

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