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Tytuł:
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Global Temporal and Geographic Stability of Brines on Present-day Mars.
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Autorzy:
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Chevrier VF; Arkansas Center for Space and Planetary Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
Rivera-Valentín EG; Lunar and Planetary Institute, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
Soto A; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA.
Altheide TS; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Eastern Kentucky University, 219 Dizney Building, 521 Lancaster Avenue, Richmond, KY 40475, USA.
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Źródło:
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The planetary science journal [Planet Sci J] 2020 Dec; Vol. 1 (3), pp. 64. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Nov 12.
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Typ publikacji:
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Journal Article
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Język:
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English
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Imprint Name(s):
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Original Publication: [Bristol] : IOP Publishing
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Grant Information:
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80NSSC17K0742 United States ImNASA Intramural NASA
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Entry Date(s):
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Date Created: 20211014 Latest Revision: 20231107
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Update Code:
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20240104
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PubMed Central ID:
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PMC8507180
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DOI:
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10.3847/psj/abbc14
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PMID:
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34647027
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We combine experimentally verified constraints on brine thermodynamics along with a global circulation model to develop a new extensive framework of brine stability on the surface and subsurface of Mars. Our work considers all major phase changes (i.e., evaporation, freezing, and boiling) and is consistent, regardless of brine composition, so it is applicable to any brine relevant to Mars. We find that equatorial regions typically have temperatures too high for stable brines, while high latitudes are susceptible to permanent freezing. In the subsurface, this trend is reversed, and equatorial regions are more favorable to brine stability, but only for the lowest water activities (and lowest eutectic temperatures). At locations where brines may be stable, we find that their lifetimes can be characterized by two regimes. Above a water activity of ~0.6, brine duration is dominated by evaporation, lasting at most a few minutes per sol. Below a water activity of 0.6, brine duration is bound by freezing or boiling; such brines are potentially stable for up to several consecutive hours per sol. Our work suggests that brines should not be expected near or on the Martian surface, except for low eutectic water activity salts such as calcium or magnesium perchlorate or chlorate, and their (meta)stability on the surface would require contact with atmospheric water vapor or local ice deposits.