A continent-wide high genetic load in African buffalo revealed by clines in the frequency of deleterious alleles, genetic hitchhiking and linkage disequilibrium.

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Abstrakt

Tytuł:: A continent-wide high genetic load in African buffalo revealed by clines in the frequency of deleterious alleles, genetic hitchhiking and linkage disequilibrium.
Autorzy:: van Hooft P; Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Getz WM; Department of Environmental Science Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.; School of Mathematical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Greyling BJ; Agricultural Research Council, Irene, South Africa.
Zwaan B; Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Bastos ADS; Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa.
Źródło:: PloS one [PLoS One] 2021 Dec 09; Vol. 16 (12), pp. e0259685. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Dec 09 (Print Publication: 2021).
Typ publikacji:: Journal Article
Język:: English
Imprint Name(s):: Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science
MeSH Terms:: Genetic Load*
Quantitative Trait Loci*
Buffaloes/*genetics
Animals ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Selection, Genetic ; South Africa
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Molecular Sequence:: Dryad 10.5061/dryad.s7h44j14c
Entry Date(s):: Date Created: 20211209 Date Completed: 20220110 Latest Revision: 20220110
Update Code:: 20240105
PubMed Central ID:: PMC8659316
DOI:: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259685
PMID:: 34882683
: Czasopismo naukowe

Pełny tekst

A high genetic load can negatively affect population viability and increase susceptibility to diseases and other environmental stressors. Prior microsatellite studies of two African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) populations in South Africa indicated substantial genome-wide genetic load due to high-frequency occurrence of deleterious alleles. The occurrence of these alleles, which negatively affect male body condition and bovine tuberculosis resistance, throughout most of the buffalo's range were evaluated in this study. Using available microsatellite data (2-17 microsatellite loci) for 1676 animals from 34 localities (from 25°S to 5°N), we uncovered continent-wide frequency clines of microsatellite alleles associated with the aforementioned male traits. Frequencies decreased over a south-to-north latitude range (average per-locus Pearson r = -0.22). The frequency clines coincided with a multilocus-heterozygosity cline (adjusted R2 = 0.84), showing up to a 16% decrease in southern Africa compared to East Africa. Furthermore, continent-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) at five linked locus pairs was detected, characterized by a high fraction of positive interlocus associations (0.66, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.77) between male-deleterious-trait-associated alleles. Our findings suggest continent-wide and genome-wide selection of male-deleterious alleles driven by an earlier observed sex-chromosomal meiotic drive system, resulting in frequency clines, reduced heterozygosity due to hitchhiking effects and extensive LD due to male-deleterious alleles co-occurring in haplotypes. The selection pressures involved must be high to prevent destruction of allele-frequency clines and haplotypes by LD decay. Since most buffalo populations are stable, these results indicate that natural mammal populations, depending on their genetic background, can withstand a high genetic load.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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