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Tytuł:
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The impact of exposure timing on embryo mortality and the partitioning of PAHs when cod eggs are exposed to dispersed and dissolved crude oil.
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Autorzy:
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Nordtug T; SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, 7465 Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: .
Olsen AJ; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Wold PA; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Queen Maud University College, 7044 Trondheim, Norway.
Salaberria I; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Øverjordet IB; SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, 7465 Trondheim, Norway.
Altin D; BioTrix, 7022 Trondheim, Norway.
Kjørsvik E; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Hansen BH; SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, 7465 Trondheim, Norway.
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Źródło:
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Ecotoxicology and environmental safety [Ecotoxicol Environ Saf] 2022 Jan 01; Vol. 229, pp. 113100. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Dec 17.
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Typ publikacji:
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Journal Article
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Język:
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English
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Imprint Name(s):
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Original Publication: Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier
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MeSH Terms:
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Gadus morhua*
Petroleum*/analysis
Petroleum*/toxicity
Petroleum Pollution*
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons*/toxicity
Water Pollutants, Chemical*/toxicity
Animals
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Contributed Indexing:
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Keywords: Adhesion; Ecotoxicity; Oil droplets; Pelagic eggs; Petroleum; Subsurface oil spills
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Substance Nomenclature:
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0 (Petroleum)
0 (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)
0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
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Entry Date(s):
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Date Created: 20211219 Date Completed: 20220111 Latest Revision: 20220111
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Update Code:
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20240104
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DOI:
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10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113100
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PMID:
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34923326
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During sub-sea oil spills to the marine environment, oil droplets will rise towards the sea surface at a rate determined by their density and diameter as well as the vertical turbulence in the water. Micro-droplets (< 50 µm) are expected to have prolonged residence times in the water column. If present, pelagic fish eggs may thus be exposed to dispersed oil from subsurface oil spills for days, and the contribution of these micro-droplets to toxicity is not well known. The purpose of this work was to investigate to what extent timing of exposure and the presence of oil micro droplets affects PAH uptake and survival of pelagic Atlantic cod eggs. A single batch of eggs was separated in two groups and exposed to dispersions and corresponding water-soluble fraction at 3-7 days (Early exposure) and 9-13 days (Late exposure) post fertilization. Partitioning of PAHs between crude oil microdroplets, water and eggs was estimated as well as the contribution of oil droplets to PAH body residue and acute and delayed mortality. Timing of oil exposure clearly affects both the mortality rate and the timing of mortality. Even though the body residue of PAHs were lower when embryos were exposed in the later embryonic stage, mortality rate increased relative to the early exposure indicating that critical body residue threshold is stage specific. Although our results suggest that the dissolved fraction is the dominating driver for toxicity in cod embryos exposed to oil dispersions, crude oil micro droplets contribute to increased mortality as well.
(Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)