An Investigation on a Plane-Based Dynamic Calibration Method for the Handheld LiDAR Scanner.

A plane-based dynamic calibration method had been proposed by the previous study for the GeoSLAM ZEB Horizon handheld LiDAR scanner. Only one preliminary test was presented. Therefore, three datasets in a calibration field were collected in this study on different dates and at different times on the same date to investigate the efficiency of the proposed calibration approach and calibration results. The calibration results for these three datasets showed that all average residuals were closer to 0, and all a posterior unit weight standard deviations of the adjustment were also significantly reduced after calibration. Moreover, the RMSE (root mean square error) of the check planes was improved by about an average of 32.61%, 28.44%, and 14.7%, respectively, for the three datasets. The improvement was highly correlated with the quality of the calibration data. The RMSE differences of all check planes using calibration data collected on different dates and at different times on the same date for calibration was about 1-2 cm and less than 1 mm, respectively. There was no difference in the calibration results, demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed calibration approach and the calibration results during the two different dates.