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Tytuł:
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Understanding Facial Aging Through Facial Biomechanics: A Clinically Applicable Guide for Improved Outcomes.
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Autorzy:
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Freytag L; Department of Plastic Surgery, Community Hospital Havelhöhe, Berlin, Germany.
Alfertshofer MG; Department for Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig - Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Frank K; Department for Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig - Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Moellhoff N; Department for Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig - Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Helm S; Department for Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig - Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Redaelli A; Private Practice, Milan, Italy.
Voropai D; Private Practice, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Hernandez CA; CH Dermatologia, Medellin, DC, USA.
Green JB; Skin Associates of South Florida and Skin Research Institute, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
Cotofana S; Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Stabile Building 9-38, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: .
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Źródło:
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Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America [Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am] 2022 May; Vol. 30 (2), pp. 125-133.
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Typ publikacji:
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Journal Article; Review
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Język:
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English
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Imprint Name(s):
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Publication: <2005->: Philadelphia : Elsevier Health Sciences Division
Original Publication: Philadelphia : W.B. Saunders Co., c1993-
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MeSH Terms:
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Rejuvenation*
Skin Aging*
Aging ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Face ; Humans
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Contributed Indexing:
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Keywords: Facial aging; Facial anatomy; Facial biomechanics; Facial fat compartments; Fascial planes
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Entry Date(s):
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Date Created: 20220502 Date Completed: 20220504 Latest Revision: 20220504
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Update Code:
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20240104
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DOI:
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10.1016/j.fsc.2022.01.001
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PMID:
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35501049
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Understanding the relevance of anatomic and biomechanical principles is crucial when treating the face with soft tissue fillers to achieve a symmetric, soft, and natural-looking result while mitigating the risk of adverse events. The objective of this study is to summarize facial age-related effects, to relate them to facial biomechanics, and to establish guidelines for safe, effective, and esthetically pleasing full-face treatment following 3 basic principles while incorporating the latest scientific developments. This narrative review summarizes the current understanding of facial aging and its implications for facial biomechanics deduced from the authors' experience and research.
Competing Interests: Author disclosure None of the authors listed have any commercial associations or financial disclosures that might pose or create a conflict of interest with the methods applied or the results presented in this article.
(Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
