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Tytuł:
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The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: An overview on male genital tract ultrasound reference ranges.
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Autorzy:
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Lotti F; Andrology, Female Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Frizza F; Andrology, Female Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Balercia G; Endocrinology Unit, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
Barbonetti A; Andrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
Behre HM; Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
Calogero AE; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Cremers JF; Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.
Francavilla F; Andrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
Isidori AM; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Kliesch S; Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.
La Vignera S; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Lenzi A; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Marcou M; Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
Pilatz A; Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
Poolamets O; Andrology Unit, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.
Punab M; Andrology Unit, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.
Godoy MFP; Andrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
Quintian C; Andrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
Rajmil O; Andrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
Salvio G; Endocrinology Unit, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
Shaeer O; Department of Andrology, Kasr El Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Weidner W; Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
Maseroli E; Andrology, Female Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Cipriani S; Andrology, Female Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Baldi E; Andrology, Female Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Degl'Innocenti S; Andrology, Female Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Danza G; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Caldini AL; Department of Laboratory, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
Terreni A; Department of Laboratory, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
Boni L; Clinical Trials Coordinating Center, Toscano Cancer Institute, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy.
Krausz C; Andrology, Female Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Maggi M; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Źródło:
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Andrology [Andrology] 2022 Oct; Vol. 10 Suppl 2, pp. 118-132.
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Typ publikacji:
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Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Język:
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English
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Imprint Name(s):
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Original Publication: Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 2013-
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MeSH Terms:
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Andrology*
Infertility, Male*/diagnostic imaging
Varicocele*
Genitalia, Male/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Reference Values
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References:
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Contributed Indexing:
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Keywords: healthy, fertile men; male genital tract ultrasound; prostate and seminal vesicles reference ranges and normative parameters; scrotal and transrectal ultrasound; scrotal organs reference ranges and normative parameters
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Entry Date(s):
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Date Created: 20220805 Date Completed: 20221012 Latest Revision: 20230111
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Update Code:
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20240104
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PubMed Central ID:
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PMC9828651
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DOI:
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10.1111/andr.13260
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PMID:
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35930758
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Background: So far, male genital tract color-Doppler ultrasound (MGT-CDUS) was not standardized. Recently, the European Academy of Andrology (EAA) published the results of a multicenter study assessing the CDUS characteristics of healthy-fertile men (HFM) to obtain normative parameters.
Objectives: To report the EAA US study (i) standard operating procedures (SOPs) for assessing MGT-CDUS, (ii) main MGT-CDUS normative parameters, and (iii) compare the EAA and previously published "normal" CDUS values.
Methods: A cohort of 248 HFM (35.3 ± 5.9 years) was studied, evaluating MGT-CDUS before and after ejaculation following SOPs.
Results: SOPs for MGT-CDUS assessment are summarized here. All subjects underwent scrotal CDUS and 188 men underwent transrectal ultrasound before and after ejaculation. The main CDUS reference ranges and characteristics of the HFM-MGT are reported here. The mean testicular volume was ∼17 mL. The lower limit for right and left testis was 12 and 11 mL, defining testicular hypotrophy. The upper limit for epididymal head, body, tail, and vas deferens was 11.5, 5, 6, and 4.5 mm, respectively. Testicular and epididymal arterial reference ranges are reported. The EAA varicocoele classification is reported. CDUS-varicocoele was detected in ∼37% of men. Prostate mean volume was ∼25 mL, while lower and upper limits were 15 and 35 mL, defining hypotrophy and enlargement, respectively. Prostate arterial reference ranges are reported. Prostate calcifications and inhomogeneity were frequent; midline prostatic cysts were rare and small. Ejaculatory duct abnormalities were absent. The upper limit for periprostatic venous plexus was 4.5 mm. Lower and upper limits of seminal vesicles (SV) anterior-posterior diameter were 6 and 16 mm, defining hypotrophy or dilation, respectively. Seminal vesicle volume and ejection fraction reference ranges are reported. SV-US abnormalities were rare. Deferential ampullas upper limit was 6 mm. A discussion on the EAA and previously published "normal" CDUS values is reported here.
Conclusions: The EAA findings will help in reproductive and general male health management.
(© 2022 The Authors. Andrology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology.)
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