Quantifying the Generality of Strength Adaptation: A Meta-Analysis.

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Tytuł:: Quantifying the Generality of Strength Adaptation: A Meta-Analysis.
Autorzy:: Spitz RW; Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise, Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA.
Kataoka R; Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise, Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA.
Dankel SJ; Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA.
Bell ZW; Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise, Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA.
Song JS; Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise, Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA.
Wong V; Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise, Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA.
Yamada Y; Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise, Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA.
Loenneke JP; Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise, Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA. .
Źródło:: Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) [Sports Med] 2023 Mar; Vol. 53 (3), pp. 637-648. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 18.
Typ publikacji:: Meta-Analysis; Systematic Review
Język:: English
Imprint Name(s):: Publication: Auckland : Adis, Springer International
Original Publication: [Auckland, N.Z. ; Newtown, PA] : ADIS,
MeSH Terms:: Hand Strength*
Resistance Training*/methods
Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Muscle Strength/physiology ; Adaptation, Physiological/physiology ; Acclimatization
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Entry Date(s):: Date Created: 20221117 Date Completed: 20230222 Latest Revision: 20230309
Update Code:: 20240104
DOI:: 10.1007/s40279-022-01790-0
PMID:: 36396899
: Raport

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Background: Isotonic exercise is the most common mode of strength training. Isotonic strength is often measured in the movement that was exercised, but isometric and isokinetic movements are also commonly used to quantify changes in muscular strength. Previous research suggests that increasing strength in one movement may not lead to an increase in strength in a different movement. Quantifying the increase in strength in a movement not trained may be important for understanding strength training adaptations and making recommendations for resistance exercise and rehabilitation programs.
Objective: To quantify changes in non-specific strength relative to a control.
Design: A systematic review and random effects meta-analysis was conducted investigating the effects of isotonic strength training on isotonic and isokinetic/isometric strength.
Search and Inclusion: This systematic review was conducted in Google scholar, PubMed, Academic Search Premier, and MENDELEY. To be included in this review paper the article needed to meet the following criteria: (1) report sufficient data for our variables of interest (i.e., changes in isotonic strength and changes in isokinetic or isometric strength); (2) include a time-matched non-exercise control; (3) be written in English; (4) include healthy human participants over the age of 18 years; (5) the participants had to train and test isotonically; (6) the participants had to be tested isokinetically or isometrically on a device different from that they trained on; (7) the non-specific strength task had to test a muscle involved in the training (i.e., could not have trained chest press and test handgrip strength); and (8) the control group and the experimental group had to perform the same number of strength tests.
Results: We completed two separate searches. In the original search a total of 880 papers were screened and nine papers met the inclusion criteria. In the secondary search a total of 2594 papers were screened and three additional papers were added (total of 12 studies). The overall effect of resistance training on changes in strength within a movement that was not directly trained was 0.8 (Cohen's d) with a standard error of 0.286. This overall effect was significant (t = 2.821, p = 0.01) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) is 0.22-1.4. The overall effect of resistance training on strength changes within a movement that was directly trained was 1.84 (Cohen's d) with a standard error of 0.296. This overall effect was significant (t = 6.221, p < 0.001) and the 95% CI is 1.23-2.4.
Conclusion: The results of our meta-analysis suggest that strength increases in both the specific and non-specific strength tests. However, the smaller effect size associated with non-specific strength suggests that it will be difficult for a single study to meaningfully investigate the transfer of strength training adaptions.
(© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

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