The number of follicles and ovarian volume in the assessment of the response to clomiphene citrate in polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate whether the number of follicles and ovarian volume have any significance in evaluating the response to clomiphene citrate treatment in Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).
Design: A prospective study of 70 infertile women, 44 of which were diagnosed with PCOS.
Setting: Zeynep Kamil Women and Children's Hospital Infertility Polyclinic.
Main Outcome Measures: Follicle numbers and volumes in both ovaries, hormonal profile, response to Clomiphene Citrate (CC). Ovarian volume was significantly greater in PCOS cases than controls. However ovarian volume in the CC nonresponders was significantly greater than in CC responders in the PCOS group. The number of small follicles was significantly higher in PCOS cases than controls, and in the CC nonresponder group this number was also significantly higher than in CC responders. Endocrine features of patients with PCOS revealed that FSH, LH/FSH, DHEAS and Androstenedion do not discriminate between patients who respond to CC and those who do not respond. However, Testosterone (T) and LH levels differ significantly in responders and nonresponders. Small multiple follicles (> 9) and enlarged ovarian volume (> 6.8 ml) were the most prominent transvaginal ultrasonographic features of ovaries in CC nonresponsive patients with PCOS. Higher levels of T, LH, and significantly higher number of small follicles were associated with lack of CC response. These ultrasonographic features and laboratory assays could be clinically useful for distinguishing better the CC nonresponders from responders.