The article focuses on a case of documentary falsification in early 18th century Mexico. The authors focus on an instance of apocryphal cedulas (royal decrees) pertaining to land grants and titles of nobility and the subsequent legal process which occurred in New Spain between 1730 and 1732. They describe the forgery investigations carried out in several Mexican cities including Puebla, Mexico City and Veracruz, discuss the problem of falsified legal documents in Spain and its colonies and consider Spanish attempts to centralize the administration of documents.