A device for studying samples with nonuniform distribution of birefringence and corresponding measurement techniques are proposed. The optical arrangement of a polarimeter is of the autocollimation type with combined probing and reverse beams. The birefringence distribution is found by processing 8 or 16 images of an object for various azimuths of polarization elements of the polarimeter, the sample being fixed. Basic formulas describing the operation of the polarimeter and sources of measurement errors are presented. Various factors that limit the sensitivity of the polarimeter are estimated and methods for weakening their influence are suggested. The experimental setup has a threshold sensitivity equal to 0.4° or 0.7 nm for a radiation wavelength of 633 nm. The setup permits the study of samples up to 18 mm in diameter with a resolution of 1024 × 1024 pixels. Results of experiments confirming the reliability of measurements and illustrating the operation of the polarimeter are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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