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Tytuł pozycji:

The relationship between income and health using longitudinal data from New Zealand.

Tytuł:
The relationship between income and health using longitudinal data from New Zealand.
Autorzy:
Imlach Gunasekara, Fiona
Carter, Kristie N.
Liu, Ivy
Richardson, Ken
Blakely, Tony
Temat:
CONFIDENCE intervals
STATISTICAL correlation
EPIDEMIOLOGY
HEALTH status indicators
INCOME
INTERVIEWING
LONGITUDINAL method
POVERTY
RESEARCH funding
SURVEYS
MATHEMATICAL variables
LOGISTIC regression analysis
DATA analysis
EFFECT sizes (Statistics)
Źródło:
Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health; Jun2012, Vol. 66 Issue 6, p1-8, 8p, 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts
Terminy geograficzne:
NEW Zealand
Czasopismo naukowe
Background Evidence for a cross-sectional relationship between income and health is strong but is probably biased by substantial confounding. Longitudinal data with repeated income and health measures on the same individuals can be analysed to control completely for time-invariant confounding, giving a more accurate estimate of the impact of short-term changes in income on health. Methods 4 years of annual data (2002--2005) from the New Zealand longitudinal Survey of Family, Income and Employment were used to investigate the relationship between annual household income and self-rated health (SRH) using a fixed-effects ordinal logistic regression model. Possible effect modification of the income--SRH relationship by poverty and baseline health was tested with interactions. Results An increase in income of $10 000 over the past year increased the odds of reporting better SRH by 1% (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.02). Poor baseline health significantly modified the association between income and SRH. A $10 000 increase in income increased the odds of better SRH by 10% for those with two or more chronic conditions. Poverty or deprivation did not modify the income--health association. Conclusions The overall small, positive, but statistically non-significant, income--health effect size is consistent with similar analyses from other longitudinal studies. Despite the overwhelming consensus that income matters for health over the medium and long-term, evidence free of time-invariant confounding for the short-run association remains elusive. However, measurement error in income and health has probably biased estimates towards the null. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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