Analysis of the Exports Structure from the Russian Federation in the light of the Theory of Technological Structures

The state of the modern Russian economy is considered from the point of view of the technological structures concept. On the basis of this theory, the author presents a structural section of the domestic economy from the point of view of each technological structure, as well as a comparative analysis of data on the Russian economy with the performance of the economies of other countries of different technological development levels. In particular, such countries as Bangladesh, Singapore, Great Britain, China and Germany, as well as many other countries belonging to all groups of countries of the world economy, are taken as examples. The study was conducted to determine the degree of readiness of Russia to the transition to the so-called “sixth” economic structure, characterized by the emergence and development of new materials that increase the efficiency of use and service life of most previously invented items. The conclusions about the loss of Russia’s many achievements of the fifth technological structure, were made, which, of course, can complicate the transition to the sixth. The modernization of the country’s economy, based on the restoration and development of key sectors of the fourth and, especially, the fifth technological structures (ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, chemical industry, oil production and processing, software production, production of consumer goods, etc.). It is necessary to develop and modernize those sectors of the national economy that are currently operating in Russia, have a competitive advantage in the world market. The author does not propose to abandon the scientific and technological development. It is recommended to use the existing and future achievements of the sixth technological structure (borrowed abroad or developed independently) to increase the competitiveness of these economic sectors, as well as the transport infrastructure modernization, limiting the adverse impact of industry on the environment.