Main theoretical, pathophysiological and practical aspects of neuroplasticity.

Results of the state-of-the-art review of the "neuroplasticity" term development and new data about the sanogenetic, pathophysiological, neurophysiological, bio - and neurochemical bases of the nervous system recovery processes are given in this article. Key mechanisms of adaptive, desadaptive, responsive and cross modal forms of neuroplasticity within primary and secondary neuroplasticity are distinguished. The specific character of neurogenesis and functional reorganization of neuronets in specific regulatory structures of the brain in the norm and pathogenesis are outlined. Controversies about functional and morphological aspects of neuroplastic processes are presented. Application-oriented methods of neuroplasticity study are considered and systemically classified. Clinical diagnostics with the specified neu­rovisualization, neurochemical, neurophysiological criteria and coefficients is considered also. Specific methods of neurorehabilitation and perspective urgent directions of neuro- sanogenesis are designated using physical, reflex, neuropsychological, behavioural brain stimulation methods and pharmacological therapy.