This trilogy deals with an epistemology of economics, arguing for a radical overturning of conventional analysis and providing an alternative to political economy and social sciences, based not on positivism, but on a normative and programming paradigm. Volume II builds on the work presented in Volume I to explore oppositions to the traditional and conventional teaching of economics, and presents testimonies that are favourable to a trend towards a programming approach, thereby giving substance to the epistemological'overturning'of conventional analysis. Such oppositions studied include the work of Ludvig von Mises and his theory of praxeology; Ian Tinbergen and Wassily Leontif's preference for'planning'over'forecasting science'; Bruno de Finetti and Daniel Bell's support for the base of'utopia'in economics; the trend from the'theory of planning'towards the'methodology of planning, by Andreas Faludi; neoclassic curiosity about the'multi-purposes approach'and'non-economic commodities'as investigated by Walter Isard, as well as theories expressed by Herbert Simon, Robert Lucas, George Soros and Mark Blaug. Volume III takes studies further and presents a concrete and practical example of how to build a Planning Accounting Framework (PAF), as associated with Frisch's'plan-frame'(explored in Volume II), to demonstrate the extent to which decisions and negotiations can be routed in the social sciences.
