Polar climate is characterized by year-round cold conditions, tundra or ice cap, and permafrost. At Earth’s south pole is Antarctica, 95 percent of which is covered in ice. Temperatures on the continent range from 0° Celsius to -70° Celsius. At Earth’s north pole is the Arctic tundra, as well as treeless vegetation zones. The tundra is bordered on the south by forests and on the north by the Arctic lands and has a layer of permafrost. The Arctic is characterized by short, cool summers and... więcej

Salem Press Encyclopedia of Science, 2023. 3p.